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	<title>News - Industrial coal Archives - Coal Action Network</title>
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	<description>Campaign to end the mining, use, &#38; support of coal</description>
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	<title>News - Industrial coal Archives - Coal Action Network</title>
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		<title>Where our coal comes from</title>
		<link>https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/08/17/where-our-coal-comes-from/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Daniel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2026 10:45:31 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Campaigns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Home highlight]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News - Industrial coal]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.coalaction.org.uk/?p=19440</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Where our coal comes from UK industries still hooked on coal Despite 2024 being a momentous year for UK coal mining and use, the fight&#8217;s not over. The UK steel and cement sectors (and to a lesser extent, bricks) are the largest users of coal following the closing down of the UK&#8217;s last coal-fired power...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/08/17/where-our-coal-comes-from/">Where our coal comes from</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
]]></description>
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<h1 class="kt-adv-heading19440_fa3226-e5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_fa3226-e5">Where our coal comes from</h1>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19440_b2a3a5-fc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_b2a3a5-fc">UK industries still hooked on coal</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19440_48d301-5f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_48d301-5f">Despite 2024 being a momentous year for UK coal mining and use, the fight&#8217;s not over.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19440_ff9dbb-e6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_ff9dbb-e6">The UK <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2025/11/17/a-stainless-future-for-steel/" data-type="post" data-id="19452" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">steel</a> and <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2025/11/03/concrete-opportunities-for-coal-free-cement-works/" data-type="post" data-id="19433" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">cement</a> sectors (and to a lesser extent, bricks) are the largest users of coal following the closing down of the UK&#8217;s last coal-fired power station in September 2024. But tried and tested alternatives to coal exist. Check out our <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/coal-facts-figures/" data-type="page" data-id="19114" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">coal dashboard</a> for our most recent coal stats including an industry break-down. We support the UK Government&#8217;s commitment to ban new coal mines opening in the UK &#8211; but this must be accompanied by a commitment to rapidly wean domestic industry off coal by adopting existing alternatives. Failing to do this simply off-shores the dangers and localised environmental harm of coal mining to where it&#8217;s out of sight. This kind of practice marked the British colonial period, where some of the dirtiest and most grueling work was forced upon colonised countries, to supply and develop the UK. Continuing this pattern is called &#8216;neo-colonialism&#8217;, and the UK must avoid this by de-coaling domestic industry.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19440_508208-90 alignfull"><img data-dominant-color="c4cec6" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #c4cec6;" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Origins-of-industrial-coal.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17686 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Origins-of-industrial-coal.webp 1920w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Origins-of-industrial-coal-300x169.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Origins-of-industrial-coal-1024x576.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Origins-of-industrial-coal-768x432.webp 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Origins-of-industrial-coal-1536x864.webp 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></figure>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19440_0b899c-ce wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_0b899c-ce">Consequences of importing coal</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19440_048104-65 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_048104-65">As the UK no longer produces thermal coal, the type used by the cement industry (and to a lesser extent in the steel industry), 1.78 million tonnes was imported in 2024 – primarily from Colombia and South Africa, two countries plagued with poor track records in coal mine-based <a href="https://liveafricanews.com/2025/10/31/two-dead-after-alleged-unlawful-police-raid-at-south-african-mine/">health and safety</a>, <a href="https://cafod.org.uk/about-us/policy-and-research/private-sector/cerrejon-coal-mine-colombia">forced displacements</a> of communities, and <a href="http://www.africanelements.org/news/blood-and-coal-the-deadly-cost-of-fighting-mining-in-south-africa/">killings</a> of environmental defenders. Without a plan to decisively and rapidly wean cement works off coal, the UK is open to accusations of perpetuating neocolonial patterns of trade.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19440_cb5088-24"><img data-dominant-color="777374" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #777374;" decoding="async" width="1920" height="1080" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/coal-import-impacts.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17691 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/coal-import-impacts.webp 1920w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/coal-import-impacts-300x169.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/coal-import-impacts-1024x576.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/coal-import-impacts-768x432.webp 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/coal-import-impacts-1536x864.webp 1536w" sizes="(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /></figure>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19440_5dc95f-40 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_5dc95f-40">Cerrejón coal mine, Colombia</h2>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-videopopup kadence-video-popup19440_25d3ba-98"><div class="kadence-video-popup-wrap kadence-video-noshadow"><div class="kadence-video-intrinsic  kadence-video-set-ratio-56.25" style="padding-bottom:56.25%"><img data-dominant-color="54503d" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #54503d;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Global-Witness-Colombia-video-preview-image-scaled.webp" alt="" width="2560" height="1440" class="kadence-video-poster wp-image-19441 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Global-Witness-Colombia-video-preview-image-scaled.webp 2560w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Global-Witness-Colombia-video-preview-image-300x169.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Global-Witness-Colombia-video-preview-image-1024x576.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Global-Witness-Colombia-video-preview-image-768x432.webp 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Global-Witness-Colombia-video-preview-image-1536x864.webp 1536w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Global-Witness-Colombia-video-preview-image-2048x1152.webp 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /><div class="kadence-video-overlay"></div><a class="kadence-video-popup-link kadence-video-type-external" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHGQ9pM7QSU" role="button" data-popup-class="kadence-popup-19440_25d3ba-98" data-effect="fade" data-popup-id="kadence-local-video-19440_25d3ba-98" data-popup-auto="true" data-youtube-cookies="true"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_youtube kt-video-svg-icon kt-video-svg-icon-style-stacked kt-video-svg-icon-fe youtube kt-video-play-animation-none kt-video-svg-icon-size-auto"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  role="img"><title>Play</title><path d="M22.54 6.42a2.78 2.78 0 0 0-1.94-2C18.88 4 12 4 12 4s-6.88 0-8.6.46a2.78 2.78 0 0 0-1.94 2A29 29 0 0 0 1 11.75a29 29 0 0 0 .46 5.33A2.78 2.78 0 0 0 3.4 19c1.72.46 8.6.46 8.6.46s6.88 0 8.6-.46a2.78 2.78 0 0 0 1.94-2 29 29 0 0 0 .46-5.25 29 29 0 0 0-.46-5.33z"/><polygon points="9.75 15.02 15.5 11.75 9.75 8.48 9.75 15.02"/></svg></span></a></div></div></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19440_7db9f9-5f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_7db9f9-5f">How the coal arrives into the UK</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19440_b3afbf-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_b3afbf-21">Coal is shipped from abroad to the UK&#8217;s major coal ports, then ferried up river to further inland coal stocking areas. From here, coal is loaded on trucks and cargo trains to cement works, Scunthorpe steelworks, and to coal merchants.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19440_37c388-45 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_37c388-45">Major commodity traders are essential to global shipments of coal by organising logistics and buying coal from coal producers and selling it to consumers. These international traders include the likes of <a href="https://javelincommodities.com/">Javelin Global Commodities</a> and <a href="https://www.jeragm.com/energy-trading/coal">Jera Global Markets</a>. Sometimes there are additional middle-men such as Hatfield Energy, responsible for a significant amount of the coal imported into the UK &#8211; likely bought on the open market from international commodity traders. Unfortunately, banks&#8217; coal-exclusion policies open exempt commodity traders, meaning these cogs in the fossil fuel machine <a href="https://www.desmog.com/2026/06/12/natwest-accused-of-using-loopholes-to-invest-17-million-in-uk-coal-supplier/">still receive £millions in finance</a>.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19440_fb24cd-e2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19440_fb24cd-e2">Find out why the UK still burns coal today</h2>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns19440_7b0c16-0d"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn19440_a694cb-a7 kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/coal-in-industry"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">Coal in industry</span></a></div>
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</div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/08/17/where-our-coal-comes-from/">Where our coal comes from</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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		<title>Gov&#8217;t consultation on industrial decarbonisation</title>
		<link>https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/08/10/government-consultation-on-industrial-decarbonisation/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Daniel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 15:42:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Campaigns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News - Industrial coal]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.coalaction.org.uk/?p=19358</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Unambitious response from Government to consultation on industrial decarbonisation CAN was one of 109 respondents to the UK Government’s consultation on ‘Growing the market for low carbon industrial products: policy framework’. This consultation was to contribute to the UK Government’s announced plans to work with industry to establish green public procurement guidance, product classifications (formerly...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/08/10/government-consultation-on-industrial-decarbonisation/">Gov&#8217;t consultation on industrial decarbonisation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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<h1 class="kt-adv-heading19358_ccae73-59 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_ccae73-59">Unambitious response from Government to consultation on industrial decarbonisation</h1>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_189b76-25 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_189b76-25">CAN was one of 109 respondents to the UK Government’s consultation on ‘Growing the market for low carbon industrial products: policy framework’. This consultation was to contribute to the UK Government’s announced plans to work with industry to establish green public procurement guidance, product classifications (formerly voluntary product standards), and develop an embodied emissions reporting framework (EERF), alongside the announcement of a UK Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) by 2027. When implementing these low carbon product market policies, the UK Government has said it “will account for factors beyond embodied carbon, such as product longevity, performance, and the ability to repair, reuse, repurpose, or recycle”. The UK Government admitted that “market inefficiencies and limited awareness among buyers continue to hinder demand for low carbon products. For example, there is currently no single agreed methodology for measuring the embodied carbon of industrial products, and multiple definitions of ‘low carbon’ create confusion”. What follows is a summary of what we and other consultees responded with, along with a short analysis of the UK Government’s decisions following the consultation.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19358_67ffef-3a"><figure class="aligncenter size-medium"><img data-dominant-color="013636" data-has-transparency="true" style="--dominant-color: #013636;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="242" height="300" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Lifecycle-emissions-242x300.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-18415 has-transparency" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Lifecycle-emissions-242x300.webp 242w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Lifecycle-emissions.webp 713w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px" /></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19358_fe4d44-f0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_fe4d44-f0">Embodied Emissions Reporting Framework</h2>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19358_fe4d44-f0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_fe4d44-f0">What we said:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_db8587-5e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_db8587-5e">We asked the UK Government to introduce mandatory embodied carbon reporting for the construction sector, such as the <a href="https://build-up.ec.europa.eu/en/resources-and-tools/publications/preparing-and-harmonising-eu-whole-life-carbon-regulations-climate">EU are introducing</a>. This would support the UK’s cement sectors investments in expanding low-carbon cement production and capitalise on the expected demand from the EU, helping safeguard the UK’s cement sector’s future. The advantages of mandatory rather than voluntary reporting include a creating a level playing field, standardised reporting methodology (which would aid benchmarking and clarity), and that it would give the construction sector a clear signal the UK Government treats embodied carbon as a serious climate priority, thereby encouraging firms to embed low-carbon choices early in the design process and contribute to the UK’s Net Zero agenda. Strategic policy is needed as the construction and the built environment is responsible for <a href="https://www.bitcni.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/The-Construction-Sector-and-Net-Zero-Factsheet.pdf">at least 25%</a> of UK emissions. This is why UK industry is <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60d9f44f29825255def91a2f/t/666175dc12a2a646e4615032/1717663197776/Embodied-carbon-regulation-industry-policy-recommendations-Final.pdf">also calling on the Government to introduce mandatory reporting standards</a>.</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19358_b0982d-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_b0982d-56">What the Government concluded:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_db8587-5e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_db8587-5e">It is disappointing that the UK Government has decided to proceed with a voluntary embodied emissions reporting framework (EERF), and only committed to further consultation on making the EERF mandatory at a later stage. Reasons for proceeding on a voluntary basis may include that it avoids the need to agree the EERF with devolved governments of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK Government also claims an initially voluntary introduction of EERF aims to encourage the immediate reporting of embodied emissions data and improve product comparisons, while minimising risks such as potential unintended consequences and costs to taxpayers and producers. The risk and unintended consequences are not explained. With this phased approach, producers able to meet reporting requirements could provide embodied emissions data as soon as available, while others would have time to prepare for the possibility of mandatory reporting in the future. It is not clear what incentive the voluntary approach gives to ‘first movers’ to take on the additional burden of EERF. We predict low industry uptake and very limited effectiveness in leveraging industrial decarbonisation markets.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_7af8c0-db wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_7af8c0-db">The UK Government proposes guidance on the method of embodied emissions reporting as the first phase of the EERF, while also developing an IT system to simplify and reduce the costs of reporting, ensuring the embodied emissions data is more accessible and easier to compare. We are supportive of this, in principle, but believe the voluntary nature of the guidance means various methods to calculate embodied emissions will continue to be used and that, therefore, comparability will be constrained by limited uptake of voluntary reporting. We maintain that this range of methods will become embedded in the industry, which will create resistance to later measures by the Government to make one reporting method the mandatory one.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_607f48-20 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_607f48-20">We are pleased to see the UK Government recommend the existing European standard EN 15804 for embodied lifecycle carbon reporting, which would ease trade with the rest of Europe and reduce duplication of competing standards.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_330a45-67 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_330a45-67">In cement works, alternative fuels are increasingly used to replace traditional fossil fuels such as gas, oil, and coal burned to generate the 1,450c needed to generate clinker, a key part of cement. Alternative fuels are generally from waste products that would otherwise end up in landfill, but when burned sometimes generate more CO2 than traditional fossil fuels. This can disincentivise cement works switching to alternative fuels, even though it diverts waste products from landfill and reduces the localised environmental harms associated with fossil fuel extraction. The UK Government has rightly decided that embodied emissions reporting for products, including cement, should be gross CO2e emissions, but that producers can optionally also include net CO2e which deducts emissions from burning alternative, waste-derived fuels. In this way, producers can promote the benefits of making their products using alternative fuels, whilst also providing a transparent account of the gross emissions involved.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19358_a08f85-e5"><figure class="aligncenter size-medium"><img data-dominant-color="6b8f8e" data-has-transparency="true" style="--dominant-color: #6b8f8e;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="242" height="300" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Classification-decarb-icons-242x300.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-18414 has-transparency" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Classification-decarb-icons-242x300.webp 242w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/Classification-decarb-icons.webp 713w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px" /></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19358_a4dd3b-7e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_a4dd3b-7e">Product classifications</h2>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19358_a6044c-d3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_a6044c-d3">Consultation response:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_694d12-22 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_694d12-22">Along with other consultees, CAN called on the UK Government to develop a definition of low carbon steel, cement, and concrete for the UK industry. This should be coupled with a clear banding system such as A-G scale of low to high carbon industrial products. This would help construction companies compare, for example, cement products to more easily select lower-carbon products with the confidence of a Government-endorsed standard.</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19358_3ba609-44 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_3ba609-44">What the Government concluded:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_23ed76-af wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_23ed76-af">Unfortunately, the UK Government has ignored the consultation majority by stating that it will not introduce a single cross-sector standard, instead relying on the existing patchwork of classifications by industry and international organisations. This was apparently prompted by some industry responders claiming a comparable rating system could obscure nuances. Furthermore, the Government inexplicably will not develop any carbon footprint classification for cement products, which are responsible for 9% of the UK’s emissions.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_b33e08-ab wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_b33e08-ab">This response shows a disappointing adherence to consultees’ feedback, as well as a distinct lack of ambition towards supporting low-carbon markets within key carbon-intensive industries. Relying on the existing patchwork of standards will prevent carbon comparison between construction projects, reducing incentives for companies to select lower-carbon products. This is because existing standards vary in how they classify low carbon products and encourage organisations to set procurement commitments e.g. SteelZero, ConcreteZero, the First Movers Coalition, and the Construction Leadership Council (CLC). In 2023, gross construction new work output totalled £139 billion, with the private sector share over 2.5x the size of the public sector.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19358_712e4e-d0"><figure class="aligncenter size-medium"><img data-dominant-color="0c403f" data-has-transparency="true" style="--dominant-color: #0c403f;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="285" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/public-procurement-decarb-icons-300x285.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-18416 has-transparency" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/public-procurement-decarb-icons-300x285.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/public-procurement-decarb-icons-768x731.webp 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/public-procurement-decarb-icons.webp 928w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19358_1add2b-e7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_1add2b-e7">Product-level green procurement</h2>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19358_4fec67-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_4fec67-87">Consultation response:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_ddc238-6e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_ddc238-6e">Along with other consultees, CAN agreed with the UK Government that green public procurement can create the confidence of demand for low-carbon products that can incentivise industry to invest in decarbonisation technologies. Overall responders focused emphasised the need for both practical and clear guidance on how to go about procurement low-carbon products, as many in procurement teams lack the technical expertise to scrutinise the range of industry product classifications.</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19358_8fde0d-22 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_8fde0d-22">What the Government concluded:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_f97ce2-83 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_f97ce2-83">Rather than inventing an entirely new framework from scratch, the Government decided that new procurement guidance will directly endorse and integrate existing, industry-led standard models for material classification (such as the Low Emission Steel Standard (LESS) for steel, and benchmarks from the Lower Carbon Concrete Group for concrete). We are concerned that these material classifications for industry, by industry, and may therefore not have the same rigour as a classification designed by a government body – its more industry self-regulation that we’ve seen fail before. Furthermore, these industry standards will be embedded in the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government’s (MHCLG) Construction Products Regulation, which sets whether a construction product can legally be sold or used on a UK building site. Given the overriding consultation response requesting clarity for non-technical staff, we are concerned that the decision to rely on the multiple existing industry classification would require training on multiple classification standards and that these are primarily made for technical construction consultants rather than public procurement staff.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_353ad8-8c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_353ad8-8c">We applaud the UK Government for its commitment to meeting level 3 of the Industrial Deep Decarbonisation Initiative (IDDI) Green Procurement Pledge, which it signed at COP28. This means the government will require the public procurement of low-carbon cement, concrete, and steel in public construction projects starting from 2030 onwards.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_aefc49-fa wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_aefc49-fa">We support the UK Government’s effort to ensure inter-departmental alignment, otherwise known as the right hand talking to the left hand. The Department for Energy Security and Net Zero is mandating that these procurement rules directly complement the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government’s Construction Products Regulation reforms and the upcoming Steel Strategy, ensuring public sector buyers have a single, unified standard for what constitutes a compliant &#8220;low-carbon&#8221; purchase</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19358_423b71-a3"><figure class="aligncenter size-medium"><img data-dominant-color="639d9c" data-has-transparency="true" style="--dominant-color: #639d9c;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="300" height="285" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tech-decarb-icons-300x285.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-18413 has-transparency" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tech-decarb-icons-300x285.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tech-decarb-icons-768x731.webp 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/tech-decarb-icons.webp 928w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19358_4fec67-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_4fec67-87">&#8216;Technology neutral&#8217;</h2>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19358_4fec67-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_4fec67-87">Consultation response:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_3c165e-20 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_3c165e-20">Encouraging multiple approaches to decarbonisation, particularly in combination where compatible, is likely to drive the rapid and deep decarbonisation of industry being sought by the UK Government. However, not all pathways are equal and it is counter-productive not to encourage those most effective at reducing environmental harms. To do so would also create inconsistency between criterion 1 point 3 and 4. Technologies that drive greater efficiencies, using fewer materials through product design and waste reduction should be rewarded over abatement technologies such as carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS).</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19358_c5b456-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_c5b456-c3">What the Government concluded:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19358_7498b8-14 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19358_7498b8-14">The UK Government has stuck to encouraging a broad range of decarbonisation approaches, including energy efficiency, resource efficiency, renewable energy, fuel switching, and CCUS, without favouring any specific production pathway. We hope that the high energy inputs and embodied emissions required to operate some decarbonisation technologies such as CCUS, is calculated into any corresponding reduction in site emissions. We also trust that the Government will be more nuanced than their statement suggests in supporting a hierarchy of abatement approaches and technologies that favours those that are proven, lowest impact, and reduce resource consumption.</p>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column19358_923bca-25"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col"><div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id19358_7018d9-29 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-3-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top">

<div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column19358_ca3a85-57"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns19358_330e3c-e6"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn19358_22c693-ab kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/coal-mining/"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">Coal in cement</span></a></div>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column19358_02d1bd-1a"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns19358_040568-9a"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn19358_669835-c7 kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/coal-mining/"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">Coal in steel</span></a></div>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column19358_dc530d-46"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns19358_db35b1-9e"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn19358_895268-50 kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/coal-mining/"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">Coal in cement</span></a></div>
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</div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/08/10/government-consultation-on-industrial-decarbonisation/">Gov&#8217;t consultation on industrial decarbonisation</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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		<title>Wales&#8217; world leading standards for industrial emissions</title>
		<link>https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/05/14/wales-world-leading-standards-for-industrial-emissions/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Daniel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 09:54:22 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News - Industrial coal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policy advocacy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.coalaction.org.uk/?p=19386</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>World leading standards for operational and legacy industrial emissions During their party conference, Plaid Cymru announced plans for their&#160;first hundred days of Government, should they win the Welsh election. Having now formed the Government, we hope to work with them and other Members of the Senedd to achieve some of those priorities. This is the...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/05/14/wales-world-leading-standards-for-industrial-emissions/">Wales&#8217; world leading standards for industrial emissions</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19386_1eb990-a5 alignfull size-full"><img data-dominant-color="98958c" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #98958c;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="576" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/DJI_20251015150216_0016_D-smaller.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-18259 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/DJI_20251015150216_0016_D-smaller.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/DJI_20251015150216_0016_D-smaller-300x169.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/DJI_20251015150216_0016_D-smaller-768x432.webp 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure>
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<h1 class="kt-adv-heading19386_caa5d6-e5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_caa5d6-e5">World leading standards for operational and legacy industrial emissions</h1>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19386_57649f-d3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_57649f-d3">During their party conference, Plaid Cymru announced plans for their&nbsp;<a href="https://www.partyof.wales/100days">first hundred days of Government</a>, should they win the Welsh election. Having now formed the Government, we hope to work with them and other Members of the Senedd to achieve some of those priorities. This is the last of <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/02/19/our-wales-manifesto-2026/">three posts</a> outlining opportunities which could help them to do that. Focussed on industrial emissions; Wales could be a world leader in emissions standards which creates a much cleaner, forward looking domestic industry which will be in high demand now and for decades to come.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19386_b81133-1a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_b81133-1a">Background</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19386_6e283f-68 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_6e283f-68">By continuing to use coal in sectors where it can be more challenging to replace it, like cement production, risks just offshoring the mining – and the pollution – abroad. Alongside the new electric arc furnace for steel production at Port Talbot, a low-carbon cement sector would create a heavy industry in Wales ready for a Net-Zero economy. This would also open up export markets for Welsh industry to meet the growing demand for green steel and cement in the EU, driven by the incoming mandatory lifecycle carbon reporting for buildings and green standards.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19386_7c4c8b-69 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_7c4c8b-69">Meanwhile, Wales’s mining legacy means large amounts of abandoned mine methane are leaking from coal seams long after mining has finished. Rapidly reducing these leaks is vital for a stable climate, especially since former Welsh mines produce an estimated 49% of the UK’s abandoned mine methane.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19386_394ccb-d4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_394ccb-d4">Our recommendations</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19386_2432e4-69 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_2432e4-69">The Government’s industrial strategy must support Wales’ two cement works to switch coal for alternative fuels and use different ingredients for cement clinker to reduce the energy needed to make cement. Negotiating this with stakeholders early on will be key to leading the way in industrial decarbonisation.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19386_d9501b-b4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_d9501b-b4">The EU has already set rules to mitigate methane leaks by 2030; Wales should adopt similar rules to stop the leakage here.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19386_3ec250-1d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_3ec250-1d">How our recommendations help the Welsh Government meet its 100 day priorities</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19386_b3b411-f0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_b3b411-f0">These recommendations would help the new Government in the following areas of Plaid Cymru&#8217;s first 100 days commitments.</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19386_7c3f9c-36 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_7c3f9c-36">Unleashing Wales’s economic potential:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19386_066d6f-5d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_066d6f-5d"><strong>Economy</strong> – The job of a <em><strong>new National Development Agency</strong></em> should include cleaning up heavy industry. Replacing coal in the cement industry would make Wales an international leader. The <em><strong>expert panel setting up this agency</strong></em> should include specialists in industrial decarbonisation.</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19386_da8c79-75 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_da8c79-75">Sustainability, resources and rural resilience:</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19386_83ba66-67 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19386_83ba66-67"><strong>Tackling the climate and nature emergencies</strong> – The <em><strong>Climate and Nature Action Plan for Wales</strong> </em>should include plans to stop Abandoned Mine Methane leaks. Since we are not directly measuring how much methane is leaking into the air right now, solving this is a vital part of reaching net zero.</p>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column19386_34334d-d1"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns19386_e2eda7-b3"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn19386_7edd33-54 kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/mine-water-heat/"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">Mine water heat potential</span></a></div>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column19386_de270b-99"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns19386_56cd46-16"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn19386_252369-7d kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/05/13/environmental-justice-for-wales-coalfield-communities/"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">Justice for Coalfield Communities</span></a></div>
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</div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/05/14/wales-world-leading-standards-for-industrial-emissions/">Wales&#8217; world leading standards for industrial emissions</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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		<title>A stainless future for steel?</title>
		<link>https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2025/11/17/a-stainless-future-for-steel/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Daniel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2025 17:58:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Campaigns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News - Industrial coal]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.coalaction.org.uk/?p=19452</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>A stainless future for steel? WORLDWIDE Carbon footprint The steel industry produces 9-11% of the annual CO2 emitted globally, contributing significantly to climate change. In 2024, on average, every tonne of steel produced led to the emission of 2.2 tonnes of CO2e (scope 1, 2, and 3). Globally in 2024, 1,886 million tonnes (Mt) of...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2025/11/17/a-stainless-future-for-steel/">A stainless future for steel?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column19452_88e0c3-cd"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col">
<h1 class="kt-adv-heading19452_34fb60-4b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_34fb60-4b">A stainless future for steel?</h1>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19452_d10f14-cb wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_d10f14-cb"><strong>WORLDWIDE</strong></h2>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19452_cb41fb-85 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_cb41fb-85"><strong>Carbon footprint</strong></h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_1aec9c-98 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_1aec9c-98">The steel industry produces <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-these-553-steel-plants-are-responsible-for-9-of-global-co2-emissions/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">9-11% of the annual CO2 emitted globally</a>, contributing significantly to climate change. In 2024, on average, every tonne of steel produced led to the emission of 2.2 tonnes of CO2e (scope 1, 2, and 3). Globally in 2024, 1,886 million tonnes (Mt) of steel were produced, emitting in the order of <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Policy-Paper-climate-change-and-the-production-of-steel.pdf">4.1 billion tonnes CO2e</a> (75% of which are direct emissions). This is largely due to the reliance on ‘coking’ coal in blast furnace primary steel production.</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19452_7bc1b5-94 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_7bc1b5-94"><strong><strong>Coal-free steel pathways</strong></strong></h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_e02925-4d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_e02925-4d">Four of the five biggest global steel producers <em>aim</em> to reach carbon neutral steel production by 2050. This would be through a combination of using ‘electric arc furnaces’ (EAF) to recycle scrap steel into secondary steel products, and a newer technology called Direct Reduced Iron that replaces coal with natural gas or hydrogen in primary steel making. The hydrogen option could be generated from renewables but relies on the roll-out of much more renewable generation capacity and massive green hydrogen infrastructure, which has so far received little of the huge investment required. So where this new Direct Reduced Iron technology (also requiring significant investment) is being used, it’s generally with natural gas instead. Those steelworks could be switched to hydrogen in the future, if the price of green hydrogen drops to a competitive level and the infrastructure to get the hydrogen to steelworks is built.</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19452_a59ffa-fb wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_a59ffa-fb"><strong><strong><strong>Threats to coal-free steel decarbonisation</strong></strong></strong></h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_f8cecc-a6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_f8cecc-a6">There is a <a href="https://www.oecd.org/en/about/news/press-releases/2025/05/surging-excess-capacity-threatens-steel-market-stability-employment-and-decarbonisation-plans.html">global over-supply of steel</a>, primarily generated by China which produced <a href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7317/">54% of global output in 2023</a>. This has reduced the price that steel can be sold for to the point that many steelworks are running at a loss, supported by government subsidies to continue operating. This threatens the very significant private sector investments needed into green steel production as the industry’s current position makes a profitable return on that investment unlikely. A blast furnace can continue for 15-20 years before undergoing a ‘relining’ (refurbishment) process to extend its life further. Relining can cost 25-50% of the cost of a new blast furnace, but still amount to hundreds of £millions. Due to the long life and large capital investments, it’s essential that investments now are in greener steel-making processes or the world will be ‘locked in’ to CO2-intensive steel-making for many years to come.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19452_0beed9-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_0beed9-cc"><strong>UNITED KINGOM</strong></h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_6937e4-75 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_6937e4-75">In 2024, UK steel production made up <a href="https://www.thecivilengineer.org/news/uk-steel-industry-under-pressure-rising-imports-and-global-oversupply-threaten-stability">32%</a> of domestic consumption and was responsible for <a href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7317/">13.4%</a> of GHGs from manufacturing, and <a href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7317/">2.2%</a> of total UK greenhouse gas emissions. The vast majority of this footprint is due to the coal burned at Scunthorpe steelworks. With the UK Government rightly ruling out any new coal mining projects in the UK, it is vital that UK steelworks becomes coal-free. Switching domestic coal mining for coal mining abroad would perpetuate colonial patterns of trade where the impacts of extractive industries are off-shored.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_f10eb8-4d wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_f10eb8-4d">UK primary steel-making is wholly dependent on imports for the two main resources needed to make steel: ‘coked’ coal and iron ore. Coal needs to be ‘cooked’ in ‘coking ovens’ before it becomes coked coal capable of burning at very high temperatures required in blast furnaces. The UK closed its last coking oven in Port Talbot in <a href="https://www.tatasteeluk.com/corporate/news/the-last-time-coke-was-made-in-the-uk">March 2024</a>. Since then, UK primary steel-making has depended on other countries to process coal in coking ovens before being imported into the UK.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_cc095b-52 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_cc095b-52">The UK’s largest steelworks, Tata Steel UK’s Port Talbot steelworks, recently closed its blast furnaces, which had come to the end of their operational life. With <a href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7317/">£500 million from the UK Government</a>, Tata seized the opportunity to shift from making coal-based blast furnace primary steel to using electricity to recycle scrap steel into new secondary steel products instead.This technology is called an ‘electric arc furnace’ (EAF). Although the transition should have had more Union and worker involvement, the conversion to EAF is a pragmatic move given the UK’s scrap steel surplus, the financial losses being made in the blast furnace steel production, and the UK’s net-zero commitments. Four of the UK’s other steelworks also recycle scrap steel using EAFs. The fifth is British Steel’s Scunthorpe steelworks, which still produces coal-based primary steel, and so is the second biggest single site source of CO2 in the UK.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-videopopup kadence-video-popup19452_a60552-e3"><div class="kadence-video-popup-wrap kadence-video-noshadow"><div class="kadence-video-intrinsic  kadence-video-set-ratio-56.25" style="padding-bottom:56.25%"><img data-dominant-color="6a6a6e" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #6a6a6e;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/coal-in-steel-video-preview-image-scaled.webp" alt="" width="2560" height="1440" class="kadence-video-poster wp-image-19453 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/coal-in-steel-video-preview-image-scaled.webp 2560w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/coal-in-steel-video-preview-image-300x169.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/coal-in-steel-video-preview-image-1024x576.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/coal-in-steel-video-preview-image-768x432.webp 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/coal-in-steel-video-preview-image-1536x864.webp 1536w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/coal-in-steel-video-preview-image-2048x1152.webp 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /><div class="kadence-video-overlay"></div><a class="kadence-video-popup-link kadence-video-type-external" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkO4_mrk0hM" role="button" data-popup-class="kadence-popup-19452_a60552-e3" data-effect="fade" data-popup-id="kadence-local-video-19452_a60552-e3" data-popup-auto="true" data-youtube-cookies="true"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_youtube kt-video-svg-icon kt-video-svg-icon-style-stacked kt-video-svg-icon-fe youtube kt-video-play-animation-none kt-video-svg-icon-size-auto"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  role="img"><title>Play</title><path d="M22.54 6.42a2.78 2.78 0 0 0-1.94-2C18.88 4 12 4 12 4s-6.88 0-8.6.46a2.78 2.78 0 0 0-1.94 2A29 29 0 0 0 1 11.75a29 29 0 0 0 .46 5.33A2.78 2.78 0 0 0 3.4 19c1.72.46 8.6.46 8.6.46s6.88 0 8.6-.46a2.78 2.78 0 0 0 1.94-2 29 29 0 0 0 .46-5.25 29 29 0 0 0-.46-5.33z"/><polygon points="9.75 15.02 15.5 11.75 9.75 8.48 9.75 15.02"/></svg></span></a></div></div></div>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19452_f1463f-83 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_f1463f-83"><strong>Scunthorpe steelworks</strong></h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_b62003-40 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_b62003-40"><strong>Scunthorpe’s blast furnace steelworks </strong>needs to decarbonise to remain competitive, improve local air quality, and avoid fuelling climate chaos. Before the UK Government took partial control of the steelworks around April 2025, the operators – Jingye Group – claimed financial losses of <a href="https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-7317/">£700,000 per day</a>. Additionally, customers – who will soon face mandatory carbon reporting – may increasingly choose to import lower carbon steel from other European countries like Sweden and Spain who are pursuing low-emission primary steel production. The current options for Scunthorpe steelworks are to convert to:</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items19452_cac872-d3 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop"><ul class="kt-svg-icon-list">
<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19452_3eaad3-bd"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Direct-Reduction Iron technology to produce primary steel</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19452_268b08-ed"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Recycling scrap steel in a EAF to produce secondary steel products.</span></li>
</ul></div>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_c881e8-79 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_c881e8-79">Producing secondary steel option would be much cheaper, but politically difficult as it would mean the loss of many jobs and the loss of the UK’s primary steel-making capacity. Find out more about the technology options below:</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_206900-ed wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_206900-ed">Read more about coal in steel in our <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/publications" type="page" id="19059">2021 report</a>.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19452_1f286b-53 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_1f286b-53"><strong>The role of coal in different kinds of steel production</strong></h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_ba8078-26 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_ba8078-26"><strong>Blast furnace primary steel production: </strong>Metallurgical-grade coals converted to ‘coke’ which has a dual role in a blast-furnace, providing the required heat and creating a chemical reaction with iron ore reducing it to ‘pig’ iron which is heated with other additives (including small quantities of existing scrap steel) to make steel.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19452_b95c03-1a"><img data-dominant-color="e8e2c1" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #e8e2c1;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1367" height="662" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Blast-furnace-steel-process.webp" class="kb-img wp-image-17657 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Blast-furnace-steel-process.webp 1367w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Blast-furnace-steel-process-300x145.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Blast-furnace-steel-process-1024x496.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Blast-furnace-steel-process-768x372.webp 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1367px) 100vw, 1367px" /></figure>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_b95c03-1a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_b95c03-1a"><a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/uk-steel-net-zero-steel-a-vision-for-the-future-of-uk-steel-production-1.pdf">Feedstock reference</a></p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_b95c03-1a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_b95c03-1a"><strong>Electric arc furnace secondary steel production </strong>uses <a href="https://www.tatasteeluk.com/sites/default/files/uk-steel-net-zero-steel-a-vision-for-the-future-of-uk-steel-production.pdf">99% less coal</a> than blast furnaces per tonne of steel produced by using electricity to melt down scrap steel to make secondary steel products, with small quantities of coal added to remove certain impurities. In countries, such as the UK, which generates a large share of its electricity through renewables, EAFs have a much smaller carbon footprint than blast furnace steel production. The UK currently produces a surplus of scrap steel, exporting it to EAFs abroad. Having greater EAF capacity in the UK will keep the scrap here, and the jobs it supports. Steel is – in theory – an endlessly recyclable product, but when it’s fused with other metals and materials, or has other properties added to it, it can be challenging to recycle it in EAFs into high-grade metals needed for certain applications, even with small quantities of coal added to remove certain impurities.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19452_05d4f6-2e"><img data-dominant-color="ebe7c8" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #ebe7c8;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1366" height="662" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/EAF-steel-process.webp" class="kb-img wp-image-17658 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/EAF-steel-process.webp 1366w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/EAF-steel-process-300x145.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/EAF-steel-process-1024x496.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/EAF-steel-process-768x372.webp 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1366px) 100vw, 1366px" /></figure>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_05d4f6-2e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_05d4f6-2e"><a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/uk-steel-net-zero-steel-a-vision-for-the-future-of-uk-steel-production-1.pdf">Feedstock reference</a></p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_05d4f6-2e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_05d4f6-2e"><strong>Direct reduced iron (DRI) primary steel production</strong>: is an emerging alternative to blast furnaces where natural gas or hydrogen replaces the role of coal in heating and reducing high-grade iron ore down to iron, ready for primary steel-making in an electric arc furnace. There are successful commercial test-cases for this technology, such as HyBrit in Sweden which uses hydro-generated green hydrogen to make steel. However, green hydrogen is prohibitively expensive, currently, so DRI facilities tend to use natural gas whilst being “hydrogen ready”. DRI production also makes capture rates for CCS much higher than a blast furnace.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19452_05d4f6-2e"><img data-dominant-color="ece5c4" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #ece5c4;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1139" height="552" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DRI-steel-process.webp" class="kb-img wp-image-17659 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DRI-steel-process.webp 1139w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DRI-steel-process-300x145.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DRI-steel-process-1024x496.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/DRI-steel-process-768x372.webp 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1139px) 100vw, 1139px" /></figure>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19452_8552ca-79 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_8552ca-79"><strong>Action needed</strong></h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_8552ca-79 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_8552ca-79">It is vital that the forthcoming UK Government’s green public procurement policy for construction and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism should be sufficiently robust so as to support UK low-emission steel to compete with cheaper higher emission steel imports. Together, this should add confidence within the British steel sector that the <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/steel-public-procurement">UK Government’s public procurement pipeline</a> will be a pipeline that supports domestic industry.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19452_372853-73 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19452_372853-73">The UK Government must take action to secure the UK’s production of virtually coal-free secondary steel-making:</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items19452_548c65-09 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop"><ul class="kt-svg-icon-list">
<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19452_cc7a7a-84"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">The UK Government’s steel safeguard Tariff Rate Quota expires in June 2026 – but the UK’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism is not expected to be implemented until 2027. The UK Government should introduce stop-gap measures to prevent high-carbon steel imports causing carbon-leaking and undermining investment to produce greener steel in the UK.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19452_572055-5e"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">The UK Government should engage in honest conversations now with unions and workers at the loss-making Scunthorpe Steel Works regarding the future of steel-making at the site. EAFs are currently the only financially viable technology to replace the coal-fed blast furnaces currently in operation. That would result in job losses but this can be a just transition with enough time to allow for proper planning, union and worker involvement, and funding. This should be followed with a commitment to add DRI primary steel production by mid-2035 as the technology and green hydrogen are expected to become more financially viable.</span></li>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns19452_1c3b26-ce"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn19452_d8f3d9-fe kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/coal-in-industry/"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">Coal in industry</span></a></div>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2025/11/17/a-stainless-future-for-steel/">A stainless future for steel?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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		<title>Concrete opportunities for coal-free cement works</title>
		<link>https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2025/11/03/concrete-opportunities-for-coal-free-cement-works/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Daniel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2025 16:08:16 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Campaigns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News - Industrial coal]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.coalaction.org.uk/?p=19433</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Concrete opportunities for coal-free cement works Recommended actions: Concrete numbers Global cement production Worldwide, the amount of cement being used for every person in the world has nearly tripled in the past 45 years and demand is projected to increase over 33% by 2050. This demand is driving an exponential growth in cement production &#8211;...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2025/11/03/concrete-opportunities-for-coal-free-cement-works/">Concrete opportunities for coal-free cement works</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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<div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id19433_ed9384-a6 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top">

<div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column19433_9c2625-66"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col">
<h1 class="kt-adv-heading19433_4644ed-ac wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_4644ed-ac">Concrete opportunities for coal-free cement works</h1>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19433_a34bfb-40 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_a34bfb-40">Recommended actions:</h2>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items19433_78bf1f-ee kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop"><ul class="kt-svg-icon-list">
<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_390a8b-ef"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">The UK Government must <strong>encourage </strong>(through policy and strategic co-funding) and <strong>support</strong> (through negotiating significant Advance Market Commitments) the UK&#8217;s 10 cement works to adopt <a href="https://www.ukri.org/news/innovate-uk-invests-3-2-million-in-concrete-decarbonisation/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">publicly funded cement industry R&amp;D</a> into commercial scale implementation to ensure value-for-money, and rapidly cut coal use.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_4a1180-06"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">The UK Government should require construction projects to <strong>report</strong> on embodied CO2 to stimulate sector demand for low-carbon cement products. As already <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60d9f44f29825255def91a2f/t/666175dc12a2a646e4615032/1717663197776/Embodied-carbon-regulation-industry-policy-recommendations-Final.pdf">called for by the sector</a>.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_84e2e4-87"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">The UK Government should work with the cement and construction industries to research and certify more <strong>efficient</strong> cement formulations, and revise industry standards to safely reduce the quantities of cement required in construction.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_4397b9-91"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Industry must share pioneering <strong>coal-substitution techniques </strong>and technologies via frameworks of cooperation that could be brokered by existing international trade bodies such as the Global Cement and Concrete Association.</span></li>
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<div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id19433_675dd3-b9 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top">

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<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19433_e07efb-5a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_e07efb-5a">Concrete numbers</h2>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone"><div class="kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id19433_6dbaa9-a4 kt-accordion-has-8-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right" style="max-width:none"><div class="kt-accordion-inner-wrap" data-allow-multiple-open="false" data-start-open="none">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane19433_4e0b41-81"><div class="kt-accordion-header-wrap"><button class="kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show" type="button"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title">Global</span></span><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger"></span></button></div><div class="kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden"><div class="kt-accordion-panel-inner">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items19433_de7f95-33 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop"><ul class="kt-svg-icon-list">
<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_3b1086-3c"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Worldwide quantity of cement used for per person in the world has nearly <a href="https://cen.acs.org/materials/inorganic-chemistry/Alternative-materials-shrink-concretes-giant/98/i45">tripled in the past 45 years.</a></span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_2f5af0-6c"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Global demand for cement is projected to increase <a href="https://industriouslabs.org/issues/cement">over 33% by 2050.</a></span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_c5bf87-28"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Manufacturing cement requires generating heat of around 1,450c.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_dfce28-60"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_cornerDownRight kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><polyline points="15 10 20 15 15 20"/><path d="M4 4v7a4 4 0 0 0 4 4h12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Globally, <a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/"><u>76%</u></a> of that heat is generated by burning fossil fuels</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_dea348-8b"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_cornerDownRight kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><polyline points="15 10 20 15 15 20"/><path d="M4 4v7a4 4 0 0 0 4 4h12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Of fossil fuels used, coal is the most common, representing <a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/"><u>49% of the fossil fuel mix</u></a></span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_22ee03-64"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_cornerDownRight kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><polyline points="15 10 20 15 15 20"/><path d="M4 4v7a4 4 0 0 0 4 4h12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">The cement industry consumes around <a href="https://www.globalcement.com/magazine/articles/974-coal-for-cement-present-and-future-trends"><u>4%</u> of global coal produced</a> (approximately 330 million tonnes of coal per year)</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_dd69ca-b5"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Sources estimate the cement sector is responsible for between <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-fossil-fuel-co2-emissions-to-set-new-record-in-2025-as-land-sink-recovers/#:~:text=The%20production%20of%20cement%20is%20responsible%20for%20around%203%2E8%25%20of%20global%20emissions%2C">around <u>4%</u></a> and <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44296-025-00068-6"><u>8%</u> of global CO2 emissions</a> (<a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-cement"><u>1.47 billion tons of CO2 emissions in 2024</u></a> Vs 1.57 billion tons in 2023) <a href="https://www.thisisukconcrete.co.uk/Resources/UK-Concrete-and-Cement-Roadmap-to-Beyond-Net-Z-(1).aspx">1.5% of UK CO2 emissions</a></span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_683780-da"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_cornerDownRight kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><polyline points="15 10 20 15 15 20"/><path d="M4 4v7a4 4 0 0 0 4 4h12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">This figure does not include the carbon absorption (sink) by cement over its lifetime &#8211; including this effect reduces cement production to <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-fossil-fuel-co2-emissions-to-set-new-record-in-2025-as-land-sink-recovers/#:~:text=1%2E9%25%20once%20the%20carbonation%20sink">1.9% of global emissions</a>.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_9255b5-99"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_cornerDownRight kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><polyline points="15 10 20 15 15 20"/><path d="M4 4v7a4 4 0 0 0 4 4h12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Burning fuels to generate the required heat to make cement is responsible for around <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0098135423003769" class="blc-broken-link" data-blc-broken="1"><u>35%</u></a> of cement production&#8217;s CO2 emissions.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_aea6a6-ff"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Globally cement industry has reduced its reliance on fossil fuels (relative to alternative fuels) to heat cement (clinker &#8211; a key ingredient to make cement) by 22% from 98% in 1990 to 76% in 2023. </span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_5efc78-fe"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_cornerDownRight kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><polyline points="15 10 20 15 15 20"/><path d="M4 4v7a4 4 0 0 0 4 4h12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Alternative fuels has helped reduce the carbon intensity of the fuel mix by 8% between 1990 and 2023</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_741de3-8e"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_cornerDownRight kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><polyline points="15 10 20 15 15 20"/><path d="M4 4v7a4 4 0 0 0 4 4h12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Increases production have outweighed reductions in carbon intensity so <a href="https://gccassociation.org/cement-industry-net-zero-progress/industry-emissions-reductions-progress/">fossil fuel consumption and carbon footprint has continued to rise in absolute terms.</a></span></li>
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<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_815c1d-1b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_815c1d-1b">Except where specified, figures are sourced from the GCCA, Getting the Numbers Right Project, Emissions Report 2023 &#8211; for External Stakeholders industry-reported dataset or&nbsp;<a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gccassociation.org/gnr</a></p>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane19433_3406ff-9a"><div class="kt-accordion-header-wrap"><button class="kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show" type="button"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title">UK</span></span><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger"></span></button></div><div class="kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden"><div class="kt-accordion-panel-inner">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items19433_d624bf-76 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop"><ul class="kt-svg-icon-list">
<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_3b92de-89"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">UK cement production has been in&nbsp;<a href="https://mineralproducts.org/News/2025/release28.aspx">decline since a peak in the 1970s</a>, and <a href="https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/uk-cement-production-falls-to-75-year-low">roughly halving since 1990</a></span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_b14d6d-ac"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">The UK cement industry burned just under <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes#2025">400,000*</a> tonnes of coal to make <a href="https://mineralproducts.org/News/2025/release28.aspx">7.3 million tonnes</a> of cement in 2024 – averaging roughly 1 tonne of coal for every 18 tonnes of cement</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_222fa9-51"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_cornerDownRight kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><polyline points="15 10 20 15 15 20"/><path d="M4 4v7a4 4 0 0 0 4 4h12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Burning of this coal alone <a href="https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-can-burning-one-ton-fuel-create-more-one-ton-co2" class="blc-broken-link" data-blc-broken="1">would have <u>emitted nearly a million tonnes of CO2</u></a> in 2024</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19433_7ea9f2-16"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Cement production in total within the UK is responsible for around <a href="https://www.thisisukconcrete.co.uk/Resources/UK-Concrete-and-Cement-Roadmap-to-Beyond-Net-Z-(1).aspx"><u>1.5% of UK CO2 emissions</u></a> (4.2 million tonnes of CO2, according to <a href="https://environment.data.gov.uk/dataset/695ac7e1-d465-11e4-abfc-f0def148f590">industry reported emissions)</a></span></li>
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<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_0c284b-58 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_0c284b-58">Except where specified, figures are sourced from the GCCA, Getting the Numbers Right Project, Emissions Report 2023 &#8211; for External Stakeholders industry-reported dataset or&nbsp;<a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gccassociation.org/gnr</a></p>
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<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19433_c2e801-52 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_c2e801-52">Global cement production</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_eb6bbb-05 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_eb6bbb-05">Worldwide, the amount of cement being used for every person in the world has nearly <a href="https://cen.acs.org/materials/inorganic-chemistry/Alternative-materials-shrink-concretes-giant/98/i45">tripled in the past 45 years</a> and demand is projected to increase <a href="https://industriouslabs.org/issues/cement">over 33% by 2050</a>. This demand is driving an exponential growth in cement production &#8211; and &#8216;clinker&#8217;, a key binding agent in cement. Clinker is the main ingredient in most cement mixes, <a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/">averaging 75%</a> of its content, but can be up to <a href="https://netzeroindustry.org/net-zero-cement-methodology-and-key-implications/">95%</a> of the content in <em>Ordinary Portland Cement</em> mix (a common type of cement). To make clinker, limestone and clay are heated to around <strong>1450c</strong>, creating a chemical reaction. To generate this heat, the industry generally burns fossil fuels &#8211; although alternatives exist. Burning the fuel emits an average of 35% of the clinker CO2 footprint, with the remainder (65%) emitted by the chemical reaction of the heated limestone. In total, the cement industry has reduced its reliance on fossil fuels to heat clinker by<a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/"> 22% from 98% in 1990 to 76% in 2023</a>, with post-use mixed waste and biomass increasing their share as alternative fuels. This concrete progress has helped reduce the carbon intensity of the fuel mix by 8% between 1990 and 2023. Unfortunately, this reduction has been outstripped by increases in cement production overall since 1990, so total fossil fuel consumption has actually increased by 100 million gigajoules (GJ), from 1.78bn GJ in 1990 to 1.88bn GJ in 2023. The Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA) are correct to urge <a href="https://www.concreteconnect.co.uk/news/gcca-urges-action-on-concrete-decarbonisation?utm_source=Concrete+Connect%2FShow+Newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=b0e911d2ad-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2026_06_02_01_19&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_-b0e911d2ad-307122728">global action on decarbonising cement production</a>.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_78edea-8b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_78edea-8b">(Except where specified, figures are sourced from the <em>GCCA, Getting the Numbers Right Project, Emissions Report 2023 &#8211; for External Stakeholder</em>s industry-reported dataset)</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19433_9a045b-60 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_9a045b-60"><strong>Cementing coal use</strong></h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_226232-d6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_226232-d6">Today, <a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/">76%</a> of the heat needed to make clinker is generated by burning fossil fuels, with coal constituting <a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/">49% of the fossil fuel mix</a> &#8211; meaning <strong>37% of cement worldwide is made by burning coal</strong>. Consequently, the cement industry consumes around <a href="https://www.globalcement.com/magazine/articles/974-coal-for-cement-present-and-future-trends">4% of global coal produced</a>, which amounts to approximately 330 million tonnes of coal per year. UK Government <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5e4ab56540f0b677c2f60f93/Phase_2_-_MPA_-_Cement_Production_Fuel_Switching.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">research</a> and <a href="https://gccassociation.org/cement-industry-net-zero-action-and-progress-report/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">commercial examples from around the world</a> indicate that the elimination of fossil fuels in cement production is possible. Thermal coal is the most common fuel burned to produce the high heat required.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19433_e8ce04-8e alignfull size-full"><img data-dominant-color="ded59a" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #ded59a;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2234" height="1053" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Cement-making-procress-updated.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17824 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Cement-making-procress-updated.webp 2234w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Cement-making-procress-updated-300x141.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Cement-making-procress-updated-1024x483.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Cement-making-procress-updated-768x362.webp 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Cement-making-procress-updated-1536x724.webp 1536w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/Cement-making-procress-updated-2048x965.webp 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2234px) 100vw, 2234px" /></figure>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19433_01fae9-54 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_01fae9-54">Two ways to reduce the UK cement industry’s reliance on burning coal:</h2>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19433_8c5cca-97 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_8c5cca-97">Burn alternative fuels instead of coal</h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_175f62-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_175f62-c3">Successful, at-scale, examples already exist of cement works burning 100% alternative fuels to traditional fossil fuels, including pilot projects using combinations of <a href="https://www.heidelbergmaterials.com/en/pr-01-10-2021">hydrogen and biomass</a> (UK) and <a href="https://www.enlit.world/library/cement-produced-in-fully-electrified-and-fossil-free-rotary-kiln">hydrogen and electricity</a> (Sweden). Yet, innovations such as use of hydrogen and kiln electrification are forecast to play only a small role, providing <a href="https://gccassociation.org/cement-industry-net-zero-progress-report-2024-25/" class="blc-broken-link" data-blc-broken="1">10% of energy needs</a> by 2050. Worldwide, only <a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/">24% of cement in 2023</a> was produced using alternative fuels, with <a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/">76% of cement produced using fossil fuels</a> (37% of cement overall is heated using coal). The continuing reliance on burning fossil fuels to generate heat at cement works contributes to its high CO2 footprint – particularly its upstream footprint due to the resources and methane emissions associated with mining coal. Depending on the alternative fuels used<a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5877e86f9de4bb8bce72105c/t/64940fedcc4f547bb072807d/1687425025095/AF+in+Cement+Industry-6.15.2023.pdf"> 1-7% reductions in CO2 can be achieved, or up to 12% using LNG</a>. Generally, <a href="https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5877e86f9de4bb8bce72105c/t/64940fedcc4f547bb072807d/1687425025095/AF+in+Cement+Industry-6.15.2023.pdf">other sources of airborne pollutants are also reduced</a> when alternative fuels are used, depending on the choice of fuel which could include old tyres, waste oil, biomass, LNG, and post-consumer solid waste. Globally, the cement industry is responsible for up to 7-<a href="https://cen.acs.org/materials/inorganic-chemistry/Alternative-materials-shrink-concretes-giant/98/i45">8% of CO2 emissions</a> (but only <a href="https://www.thisisukconcrete.co.uk/Resources/UK-Concrete-and-Cement-Roadmap-to-Beyond-Net-Z-(1).aspx">1.5% of UK CO2 emissions</a>) – nearly as much as steel.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19433_416b36-9e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_416b36-9e"><strong>Coal-free fuel examples from around the world:</strong></h2>


<div class="kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id19433_af307d-c0 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout"><div class="kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-1-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top">

<div class="wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column19433_de4e71-5d"><div class="kt-inside-inner-col">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone"><div class="kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id19433_056d33-f6 kt-accordion-has-11-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right" style="max-width:none"><div class="kt-accordion-inner-wrap" data-allow-multiple-open="false" data-start-open="none">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane19433_2545a8-2e"><div class="kt-accordion-header-wrap"><button class="kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show" type="button"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title">Holcim in Saint-Pierre-la-Cour, France</span></span><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger"></span></button></div><div class="kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden"><div class="kt-accordion-panel-inner">
<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_823127-15 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_823127-15">Holcim’s cement works in Saint-Pierre-la-Cour, France, uses a combination of calcined clay to reduce clinker content required in the cement, and biofuels and waste heat recovery systems to heat the remaining clinker required. This combination has displaced 100% of fossil fuels from its calcined clay cement production process to deliver up to 500,000 tonnes a year. This cement works received funding from France’s ‘France Relance’ industrial decarbonisation fund. *Holcim subsidiary, Holcim Trading Pte. Ltd is a commodity trader, buying and selling coal around the world, demonstrating corporate links between coal and cement.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19433_53b524-13 alignfull size-full"><img data-dominant-color="72787f" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #72787f;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="519" height="324" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Holcim-cement-works-in-Saint-Pierre-la-Cour-France.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17569 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Holcim-cement-works-in-Saint-Pierre-la-Cour-France.webp 519w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Holcim-cement-works-in-Saint-Pierre-la-Cour-France-300x187.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px" /></figure>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane19433_d37cdd-9a"><div class="kt-accordion-header-wrap"><button class="kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show" type="button"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title">Holcim in Retznei, Austria</span></span><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger"></span></button></div><div class="kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden"><div class="kt-accordion-panel-inner">
<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_a5c63e-b7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_a5c63e-b7">Holcim’s cement works in Retznei, Austria, used alternative fuel in <a href="https://gccassociation.org/2050-net-zero-roadmap-one-year-on/action-progress-case-studies-holcim/">96% of its fuel mix</a> last year – virtually eradicating fossil fuels from its operations – and is working towards 100%. *Holcim subsidiary, Holcim Trading Pte. Ltd is a commodity trader, buying and selling coal around the world, demonstrating corporate links between coal and cement.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19433_143bd3-0a alignfull size-full"><img data-dominant-color="535659" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #535659;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="519" height="324" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Holcim-cement-works-in-Retznei-Austria.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17568 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Holcim-cement-works-in-Retznei-Austria.webp 519w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Holcim-cement-works-in-Retznei-Austria-300x187.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px" /></figure>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-10 kt-pane19433_bcd247-28"><div class="kt-accordion-header-wrap"><button class="kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show" type="button"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title">JK Cement in Muddapur, Karnataka, India</span></span><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger"></span></button></div><div class="kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden"><div class="kt-accordion-panel-inner">
<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_44da12-f1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_44da12-f1">JK Cement’s cement works in Muddapur, Karnataka, India, has increased its use of alternative fuels to 78%, and is completing the installation of a waste heat recovery system, which it expects to make the cement works 100% fossil fuel-free.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19433_7399b2-30 alignfull size-full"><img data-dominant-color="50596a" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #50596a;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="519" height="324" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-JK-Cement-in-Muddapur-Karnataka-India.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17571 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-JK-Cement-in-Muddapur-Karnataka-India.webp 519w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-JK-Cement-in-Muddapur-Karnataka-India-300x187.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px" /></figure>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-11 kt-pane19433_5cca44-76"><div class="kt-accordion-header-wrap"><button class="kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show" type="button"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title">Huaxin in Chongqing and Huangshi</span></span><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger"></span></button></div><div class="kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden"><div class="kt-accordion-panel-inner">
<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_be23d7-8a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_be23d7-8a">Huaxin, a global cement producer headquartered in Wuhan, China, has reached 40% and 60% alternative fuels (mainly refuse-derived fuels) at its <a href="https://www.hardenshredder.com/article/33.html">Diwei Chongqing</a> (2,500 tonne/day) and Huangshi cement works, respectively. In developing economies, certain alternative fuels are <a href="https://www.worldcement.com/special-reports/16102024/the-tech-behind-the-transition">highly variable in materials and moister content</a>, resulting in heating fluctuations that challenges consistent quality in clinker production. At Huangshi cement works, Huaxin <a href="https://www.cemnet.com/News/story/177196/huaxin-cement-wins-wca-2024-innovation-award.html">uses AI and other technologies</a> to adjust production processes in real-time response to changing fuel properties, allowing it to create consistent clinker quality.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19433_5e7dae-20 alignfull size-full"><img data-dominant-color="6b6769" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #6b6769;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="519" height="324" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Huaxin-Huangshi-cement-works.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17570 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Huaxin-Huangshi-cement-works.webp 519w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Huaxin-Huangshi-cement-works-300x187.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px" /></figure>
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<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_4ea950-bb wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_4ea950-bb">Globally, the clinker ratio to cement (Portland and blended) has reduced from <a href="https://gccassociation.org/gnr/">85% in 1990 to 75% in 2023</a>. The use of clinker substitutes has correspondingly increased by 12.7 million tonnes between 1990 and 2023, but much of this increase may be accounted for by the overall growth in cement production. Although most ‘green cement’ works around the world substitute up to 40% of clinker, there is at least one commercial example of a cement works substituting up to 100% of the <a href="https://www.cementl.com/what-is-clinker-a-simple-3-minute-guide-for-beginners/">clinker</a> in their cement production. The use of alternative cementious materials is a mature technology and reduces, or even eliminate the needs for clinker. This is the <a href="https://www.globalefficiencyintel.com/coal-in-cement-and-concrete">most effective way</a> for the cement industry to cut its dependence on coal and other fossil fuels. Unlike clinker, these alternative cementious materials don’t require as much, or any, heating – thereby in turn reducing the amount of coal or alternative fuel that needs to be burned. Some of these materials, such as the coal by-products of fly-ash and blast furnace slag, are in <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a82a345ed915d74e3402cce/fly-ash-blast-furnace-slag-cement-manufacturing.pdf">increasingly short supply as economies decarbonise</a>. However, other clinker substitutes such as burnt rice husks and calcined clay do not face supply issues. Real Green Concrete (UK) is also <a href="https://www.concreteconnect.co.uk/news/lkab-backs-cement-free-concrete-partnership?utm_source=Concrete+Connect%2FShow+Newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=b0e911d2ad-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2026_06_02_01_19&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_-b0e911d2ad-307122728">trialling a new technology</a> that replaces cement in concrete entirely with alternative binder materials derived from industrial by-products that might otherwise be sent to landfill. Unfortunately, a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s44296-025-00068-6">lack of acceptance</a> by the construction sector continues to be one of the most limiting factors in producing more cement with a lower clinker or cement content. The <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2026/08/10/government-consultation-on-industrial-decarbonisation/">UK Government is attempting to address this</a> demand-gap by requiring publicly-funded construction projects to use ‘low carbon’ cement products where &#8211; although we believe ambition needs to be increased to stimulate widespread supply-side adoption of clinker alternatives.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19433_6d6fe1-80 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_6d6fe1-80"><strong>Clinker substitution examples from around the world:</strong></h2>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19433_cbe83b-c7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_cbe83b-c7">Substitute up to 100% of clinker with other cementious materials</h3>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-accordion alignnone"><div class="kt-accordion-wrap kt-accordion-id19433_139257-7c kt-accordion-has-11-panes kt-active-pane-0 kt-accordion-block kt-pane-header-alignment-left kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow kt-accodion-icon-side-right" style="max-width:none"><div class="kt-accordion-inner-wrap" data-allow-multiple-open="false" data-start-open="none">
<div class="wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-4 kt-pane19433_334ca7-e9"><div class="kt-accordion-header-wrap"><button class="kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show" type="button"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title">Hoffmann Green in Bournezeau, France</span></span><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger"></span></button></div><div class="kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden"><div class="kt-accordion-panel-inner">
<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_e077b5-bf wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_e077b5-bf">Hoffmann Green cement works in Bournezeau, France, has a capacity to produce 50,000 tonnes of three varieties of cement per year, <a href="https://www.heidelbergmaterials.com/en/pr-01-10-2021">all with 0% clinker content</a>. This cement works replaces clinker with a mix of slag, clay, gypsum – supplied by local producers. It also removes the need for further extraction, unlike clinker which requires quarrying limestone. This cement works received funding from France’s ‘France Relance’ industrial decarbonisation fund.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19433_34ed3e-5c alignfull size-full"><img data-dominant-color="626a6b" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #626a6b;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="519" height="324" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Hoffmann-Green-cement-works-in-Bournezeau-France.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17567 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Hoffmann-Green-cement-works-in-Bournezeau-France.webp 519w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Hoffmann-Green-cement-works-in-Bournezeau-France-300x187.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px" /></figure>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-5 kt-pane19433_1a889f-ff"><div class="kt-accordion-header-wrap"><button class="kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show" type="button"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title">Sublime Systems in Massachusetts, USA</span></span><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger"></span></button></div><div class="kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden"><div class="kt-accordion-panel-inner">
<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_e1a40b-bd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_e1a40b-bd">US start-up, Sublime Systems has developed a <a href="https://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/article/sublime-systems-is-producing-a-fossil-fuel-free-cement-that-just-received-third-party-validation">new 0% clinker cement</a> using calcium silicates and other commonly used substitutes in an electrochemical reactor, which requires heating only to 100c. Its pilot cement works only has capacity to produce a few hundred tonnes of cement per year, but it is developing a new cement works with capacity for up to 25,000 tonnes per year by 2026.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19433_174ac0-75 alignfull size-full"><img data-dominant-color="898c85" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #898c85;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="519" height="324" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Sublime-Systems-Massachusetts-USA.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17572 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Sublime-Systems-Massachusetts-USA.webp 519w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/CW-Sublime-Systems-Massachusetts-USA-300x187.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px" /></figure>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-pane kt-accordion-pane kt-accordion-pane-10 kt-pane19433_f6bcac-7c"><div class="kt-accordion-header-wrap"><button class="kt-blocks-accordion-header kt-acccordion-button-label-show" type="button"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title-wrap"><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-title">CRH Jura in Wildegg, Switzerland</span></span><span class="kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger"></span></button></div><div class="kt-accordion-panel kt-accordion-panel-hidden"><div class="kt-accordion-panel-inner">
<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_c302bc-11 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_c302bc-11">CRH’s <a href="https://www.juramaterials.ch/de/uns/standorte-kontakte/jura-cement-fabriken-ag/juracement.html">Jura</a> cement works in Wildegg, Switzerland, uses calcined clay to produce a cement with a clinker factor <a href="https://gccassociation.org/cement-industry-net-zero-progress-report-2024-25/" class="blc-broken-link" data-blc-broken="1">lower than 65%</a>, with potential for further reductions. One tonne of calcined clay replaces on average 0.75 tonne of clinker, thereby saving more than 0.25 tonne of CO2. The resulting cement contains approximately 20% less CO2 per m3 compared to ordinary Portland cement.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19433_ef3dad-2d alignfull size-full"><img data-dominant-color="757780" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #757780;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="519" height="324" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/cw-CRH-Jura-cement-works-in-Wildegg-Switzerland.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17566 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/cw-CRH-Jura-cement-works-in-Wildegg-Switzerland.webp 519w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/cw-CRH-Jura-cement-works-in-Wildegg-Switzerland-300x187.webp 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 519px) 100vw, 519px" /></figure>
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<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19433_5e7cd4-36 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_5e7cd4-36">Progressing alternative fuels and substition in tandem</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_62b18e-00 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_62b18e-00">Heidelberg Materials France has commissioned a new &#8216;dry kiln line&#8217; at its Airvault cement plant in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, replacing two older semi-dry clinker lines. The new line has an annual capacity of 1.25 million tonnes of clinker and is equipped with a modern pre-calciner system. Heidelberg Materials France plans to introduce calcined clay in production to reduce traditional clinker volumes in cement, which will significantly lower CO₂ emissions. The <a href="https://www.concreteconnect.co.uk/news/heidelberg-materials-upgrades-airvault-kiln?utm_source=Concrete+Connect%2FShow+Newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=c4a5e833f8-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2026_05_12_12_36&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_-c4a5e833f8-307122728">€350 million upgrade</a> reduces electricity consumption per tonne of cement by around 10%, lowers the clinker proportion in the final product, and collectively cuts the carbon footprint of cement produced at Airvault by <strong>almost 30%</strong> compared with previous production.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19433_e179e7-97 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_e179e7-97">UK cement trends</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_7b1994-02 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_7b1994-02">In contrast to worldwide trends, UK cement production has been in <a href="https://mineralproducts.org/News/2025/release28.aspx">decline since a peak in the 1970s</a>, and <a href="https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/uk-cement-production-falls-to-75-year-low">roughly halving since 1990</a>. Despite this decline, the UK cement industry still burned just under <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes#2025">400,000* </a>tonnes of coal to make <a href="https://mineralproducts.org/News/2025/release28.aspx">7.3 million tonnes</a> of cement in 2024 – averaging roughly 1 tonne of coal for every 18 tonnes of cement. To put that into <a href="https://www.theconstructionindex.co.uk/news/view/uk-cement-production-falls-to-75-year-low">context</a>, around 8,000 tonnes of cement is needed for a new hospital, while between 3-5 tonnes are needed to build a four-bedroom family house.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_f9ebd2-29 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_f9ebd2-29">*There is no cement-specific coal consumption statistics available, but the UK Government reported that <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/coal-facts-figures/">395,000 tonnes of coal were used in the minerals industry</a> in 2024, the vast majority of which would be cement. The burning of this coal alone <a href="https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-can-burning-one-ton-fuel-create-more-one-ton-co2" class="blc-broken-link" data-blc-broken="1">would have emitted nearly a million tonnes of CO2</a> in 2024. The UK&#8217;s cement works emitted <a href="https://environment.data.gov.uk/dataset/695ac7e1-d465-11e4-abfc-f0def148f590">4.2 million tonnes</a> of CO2 overall.</p>



<figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image19433_be4ed6-65 size-full"><img data-dominant-color="a7b591" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #a7b591;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1154" height="1154" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Artboard-1UK-industries-map.webp" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-17634 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Artboard-1UK-industries-map.webp 1154w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Artboard-1UK-industries-map-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Artboard-1UK-industries-map-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Artboard-1UK-industries-map-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Artboard-1UK-industries-map-768x768.webp 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1154px) 100vw, 1154px" /></figure>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19433_e21f3f-8a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_e21f3f-8a">Action needed for UK cement works to go coal-free</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_d70d08-36 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_d70d08-36">At the moment, there are isolated examples of cement works around the world that operate entirely without burning coal or fossil fuels. Yet <strong>all large UK cement works continue to rely on burning coal and fossil fuels</strong>. The joint-Government cement sector <a href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a82ad2fed915d74e623711e/cement-decarbonisation-action-plan.pdf">Industrial Decarbonisation and Energy Efficiency Roadmap 2017</a>, provided a dedicated plan of action &#8211; but technology has evolved and this needs to be updated.&nbsp;The £3.2 million public fund to research pathways to decarbonise UK cement making is welcome, but to get value for money, proven pathways must be implemented at pace at commercial cement works. There are isolated examples of low carbon cement products being used right now in the UK &#8211; but these are <a href="https://www.concreteconnect.co.uk/news/brent-cross-tests-calcined-clay-concrete?utm_source=Concrete+Connect%2FShow+Newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=b0e911d2ad-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2026_06_02_01_19&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_term=0_-b0e911d2ad-307122728">newsworthy</a> due to their rarity.</p>



<h3 class="kt-adv-heading19433_4aa8c0-a2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_4aa8c0-a2"><strong>Carbon Capture &amp; Storage &#8211; risks:</strong></h3>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_ed93dc-80 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_ed93dc-80"><a href="https://www.padeswoodccs.co.uk/en/latest-news/next-milestone-reached-in-ccs-plans-at-padeswood">Construction is already underway</a> on the CCS facility at Padeswood cement works, where CO₂ will be compressed and transported via a spur pipeline to the HyNet network, and then piped into depleted gas reservoirs under the seabed in Liverpool Bay. There is also a proposal to create a CCS network (<a href="https://www.constructionenquirer.com/2025/07/07/60m-raised-to-advance-world-first-cement-ccs-project/">Peak Valley Cluster</a>), connecting several cement works in Derbyshire and Staffordshire. Proponents say this could be funded in part by the new UK National Wealth Fund. For the Padeswood CCS spur, the <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/f9d2f3ad-b58f-4e8a-ab7c-01a132e79709" class="blc-broken-link" data-blc-broken="1">UK Government pledged an eye-watering £22 billion</a> from 2025, likely drawn from a levy on energy bills driving even more households into fuel poverty (currently <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/f9d2f3ad-b58f-4e8a-ab7c-01a132e79709" class="blc-broken-link" data-blc-broken="1">11% of UK households struggle in energy poverty</a>). Despite the many £billions poured into the technology around the world, it has a <a href="https://oxsci.org/carbon-capture-why-major-projects-failed/">disastrous global track-record</a> of <a href="https://ieefa.org/resources/carbon-capture-crux-lessons-learned">cancellations, suspensions soon after operating, and under-performance of up to 50%</a>.&nbsp;The <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/f9d2f3ad-b58f-4e8a-ab7c-01a132e79709" class="blc-broken-link" data-blc-broken="1">high-risk CCS technology</a> is an extremely expensive decarbonisation pathway, with high construction and running costs. A <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;url=https://publicregister.naturalresources.wales/Search/Download?RecordId%3D179905&amp;ved=2ahUKEwicv7z397OVAxV2BdsEHfdlDK4Q0YISegoIAggACAAICxAD&amp;opi=89978449&amp;cd&amp;psig=AOvVaw2D3C-QNep-Dgh6zZHqFx86&amp;ust=1783079778025000">report from Natural Resources Wales</a> identifies amine CCS as the only mature CCS technology, and therefore, the only viable option. This form of CSS requires thermal energy for the amine and electricity to compress the CO2 into liquid &#8211; and whilst there is research that indicates some of <a href="https://ccsknowledge.com/media/powering-amine-regeneration-with-waste-heat-energy-for-ccs-on-cement/">this could come from cement works&#8217; waste heat</a>, this has not been demonstrated at scale. Depending on the mechanisms of a particular CCS project, it may also <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032120307978" class="blc-broken-link" data-blc-broken="1">require substantial amounts of water</a> to operate.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19433_b537cd-da wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19433_b537cd-da">Crucially, CCS will also do nothing to remove coal from the cement-making process, failing to reduce any upstream emissions or harms associated with coal mining and resource extraction in the supply chain. Investment in CCS is often investment diverted from eliminating our use of fossil fuels, thereby prolonging our reliance on them.</p>
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<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns19433_b3df0d-fc"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn19433_de4842-f0 kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/coal-in-industry/"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">Coal in industry</span></a></div>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2025/11/03/concrete-opportunities-for-coal-free-cement-works/">Concrete opportunities for coal-free cement works</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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		<title>Turkey&#8217;s deadly coal consumption &#8211; Türkiye’nin Kömür Kullanımına Devam Etmesi</title>
		<link>https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2024/11/13/turkeys-deadly-coal-consumption-turkiyenin-komur-kullanimina-devam-etmesi/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Daniel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Nov 2024 13:39:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Campaigns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News - Industrial coal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policy advocacy]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.coalaction.org.uk/?p=20053</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Turkey&#8217;s deadly coal consumption &#8211; Türkiye’nin Kömür Kullanımına Devam Etmesi The small city of Ereğli nestles between tree covered mountains and Turkey’s Black Sea coast. The city is dominated by the Erdemir steelworks. It is one of three blast furnace steelworks in Turkey, using coal to produce steel. Erdemir is a mighty presence in the...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2024/11/13/turkeys-deadly-coal-consumption-turkiyenin-komur-kullanimina-devam-etmesi/">Turkey&#8217;s deadly coal consumption &#8211; Türkiye’nin Kömür Kullanımına Devam Etmesi</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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<h1 id="Translation-english" class="kt-adv-heading20053_1736d6-d4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_1736d6-d4">Turkey&#8217;s deadly coal consumption &#8211; Türkiye’nin Kömür Kullanımına Devam Etmesi</h1>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns20053_695ae0-49"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn20053_ed7eeb-cf kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="#Turkish-translation"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">Türkçe okumak için</span></a></div>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_dcd79f-89 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_dcd79f-89">The small city of Ereğli nestles between tree covered mountains and Turkey’s Black Sea coast. The city is dominated by the Erdemir steelworks. It is one of three blast furnace steelworks in Turkey, using coal to produce steel. Erdemir is a mighty presence in the lives and lungs of the people living nearby.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_25aa8f-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_25aa8f-3f">Local people’s homes sit in an amphitheatre surrounding the vast steelworks, which sends plumes of steam into the air every few minutes that shimmers and obscures apartment blocks across the bay. Investigators from Coal Action Network travelled to Turkey to speak with people currently affected by Turkish coal burning facilities, like the Erdemir steelworks, when it looked possible that a new coal mine would open in Cumbria and supply coal to Turkey, perpetuating the local populations’ air pollution issues. For more information on why Coal Action Network visited Turkey and links to UK coal mining,see this page.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_c32d3f-d0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_c32d3f-d0">Turkey uses imported coal in its steelworks and power stations, as well as mining domestically.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_01b70c-1b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_01b70c-1b">Turkey’s steel production and coal</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_4d7755-41 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_4d7755-41">Turkey is the <a href="https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/World-Steel-in-Figures-2023-4.pdf">8<sup>th</sup> biggest steel producer globally</a>. In 2023, it produced a massive <a href="https://worldsteel.org/data/world-steel-in-figures-2024/">33.7 million tonnes</a> of steel and consumed 21.1 million tonnes of scrap metal, according to <a href="https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/World-Steel-in-Figures-2023-4.pdf">World Steel Association</a>. 27 of the 30 steelworks in the country produced steel by melting down scrap metal produced in Electric Arc Furnaces (EAF), producing 72% of the country’s steel output. There are three blast furnaces that use coal, converted into coke, in the steel making process, and many of the EAFs use coal to provide heat. This coal is largely imported. <a href="https://ember-climate.org/insights/research/turkiye-electricity-review-2024/">Russia supplies 73% of Turkey’s coal imports</a>, <a href="https://turkiyedekomur.org/en/coal-production-in-turkey/">and Colombia</a> the bulk of the remainder.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_15f97f-3c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_15f97f-3c">EAFs consume large amounts of electricity. In Turkey, much of this electricity comes from coal through the power grid. One Turkish EAF has its own coal power station. Coal power supplied <a href="https://www.iea.org/countries/turkiye/coal">35% of Turkey’s electricity in 2022</a>. Turkey both imports and exports large quantities of steel (<a href="https://worldsteel.org/data/world-steel-in-figures-2024/">18 million tonnes and 12.7 million tonnes respectively</a>, in 2023). More than 20 of the EAF steel facilities currently use coal to melt scrap metal. Steel is the country’s <a href="https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/World-Steel-in-Figures-2023-4.pdf">third largest export sector</a>.<a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2024/11/13/turkeys-deadly-coal-consumption/#sdendnote1anc"></a></p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_f8cf39-5e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_f8cf39-5e">Turkey’s use of Russian coal</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_140e29-a5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_140e29-a5">Turkey is one of the <a href="https://energyandcleanair.org/weekly-snapshot-russian-fossil-fuels-14-to-20-october-2024/">top five importers of Russian coal</a>. Many countries, including the UK, EU member states and USA stopped buying Russian coal, as part of sanctions following the country’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_e9f6c9-f6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_e9f6c9-f6">Vaibhav Raghunandan, from Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (<a href="https://energyandcleanair.org/">CREA</a>) <em>says, “</em>Turkeyʼs increased reliance on Russian coal (and indeed other fossil fuels) is effectively tying it down to an increasingly volatile supplier who controls their market. The Russian coal sector is a huge source of revenue for the Kremlin and the Energy Ministry had set targets of attaining 25% of the global coal market by 2035. Taxes from coal constitute a significant part of the Federal Budget. Since the invasion, Turkey — A NATO country — has paid EUR 8.2 bn for Russian coal, which effectively finances Russiaʼs invasion of Ukraine.”</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_d753fe-7f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_d753fe-7f">Since the invasion Turkey has increased its market share of Russian coal, Turkey’s imports constitute 13% of Russiaʼs total coal exports. In the first three quarters of 2024, Turkey has imported 15.7 million tonnes of Russian coal, making up 49% of Turkey’s total coal imports (valued at EUR 1.66 billion). This is an 82% increase when compared to the same period in the year prior to the invasion.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_0c1e03-53 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_0c1e03-53">Additionally, the Russian coal mining industry causes cultural genocide, environmental destruction and air pollution issues, detailed in Coal Action Network and Fern’s report, <a href="https://www.fern.org/publications-insight/slow-death-in-siberia-100/"><em>Slow Death in Siberia</em></a>.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_7af70d-29 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_7af70d-29">Health Impacts</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_3d1d40-a6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_3d1d40-a6">According to the World Health Organization, <a href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1">air pollution is the largest environmental threat to people’s health across the globe</a>, including in Turkey. There are four <a href="https://www.env-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Chronic-Coal-Pollution-Turkey_web.pdf">main health harming pollutants</a> released in coal consumption from steelworks and power stations: Sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>); particulate matter – PM10 and the smaller PM2.5; nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>) and mercury.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_608f52-07 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_608f52-07">Breathing SO<sub>2,</sub> which is produced on combustion of high sulphur coal, <a href="https://energyandcleanair.org/publication/ranking-the-worlds-sulfur-dioxide-so2-hotspots-2019-2020/">increases the risk of health conditions</a> – including stroke, heart disease, asthma, lung cancer and death. It is classified as very toxic when inhaled. Even a single exposure to a high concentration can cause a <a href="https://www.env-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Chronic-Coal-Pollution-Turkey_web.pdf">long-lasting condition like asthma</a>. SO<sub>2</sub> emissions rose by 14% in Turkey in 2019, one of the few countries in which emissions increased in that year. Coal-based energy production remains <a href="https://energyandcleanair.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/SO2report-1.pdf">the major source of SO<sub>2</sub> emissions in Turkey.</a></p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_dec4d3-60 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_dec4d3-60">Local people in Ereğli, the city surrounding the Erdemir blast furnace steelworks, told Coal Action Network that university studies into their health are normally suppressed by government. However, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31954069/">in a study looking at the incidence of multiple sclerosis</a> (MS) in populations in Ereğli compared to Devrek, which is a rural and clean city located 40 km away from Ereğli, “indicate a more than double MS prevalence rate in the area home to an iron and steel factory [Ereğli] when compared to the rural city [Devrek]. This supports the hypothesis that air pollution may be a possible etiological [Pertaining to, or inquiring into, causes] factor in MS.” Local people take no persuading that the air is contaminated by the steelworks and damaging their health.<a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2024/11/13/turkeys-deadly-coal-consumption/#sdendnote1anc"></a></p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_2ea4f7-41 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_2ea4f7-41">Blast furnace steelworks</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_1514d5-e6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_1514d5-e6">Çetin Yılmaz, leader of Black Sea, Ereğli and Alaplı Environmental Volunteers, brought together 15 concerned citizens from Erdemir to talk with Coal Action Network about the impacts they face in the town surrounding the steelworks. They bemoan the scientific studies which show links between the steelworks and the diminishing health of the local population, but which are suppressed by the Government.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_8f186b-19 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_8f186b-19"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/621362251607269?l">Çetin says</a>, “The company [Eren Energy] has caused cancer in many people, it does not recognize the right of their employees to unionize in its facilities; it has fired workers who want to be unionized; it has made Çatalagzı into a breathless state; it has filled fish breeding grounds with ash; it burns 2 million tons of imported coal every year and caused the greatest damage to humans and nature in our region.”</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_ab0152-af wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_ab0152-af">A worker, who has worked at the Erdemir steelworks for 18 years, explained how he got throat cancer, which could be heard affecting his voice when we met him. Local people think 50% of the population’s health is affected by the steelworks. A teacher present recalled how in each of his classes around 10 children will have breathing issues, caused by the poor quality air.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_de539f-a5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_de539f-a5">The local political representative told Coal Action Network, “Most people here work in mines or in the steel plant, everyone knows that the air pollution causes cancer and breathing difficulties. The workers aren’t in a position to do anything about it as they have to earn money and would lose their employment, as well as their health.”</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_73d200-96 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_73d200-96">Steel decarbonisation?</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_2dfc8a-48 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_2dfc8a-48">OYAK, the company which owns Erdemir and İsdemir blast furnaces, says it will use <a href="https://www.oyak.com.tr/en/oyak-group-companies/company-news/erdemir-and-isdemir-aim-to-achieve-net-zero-emissions-by-2050">seven different methods to decarbonise</a>. Its so called <a href="https://www.oyak.com.tr/en/oyak-group-companies/company-news/erdemir-and-isdemir-aim-to-achieve-net-zero-emissions-by-2050">Net Zero Roadmap</a> reads more like a list of potential options to reduce emissions and does nothing to resemble an actual plan.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_79d31e-e5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_79d31e-e5"> Air pollution and health problems at İsdemir are likely to mimic those at Erdemir. Turkey’s CO<sub>2</sub> intensity for the blast furnace steel production exceeds the <a href="https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20231218-09123608.pdf">comparable emissions for steel produced in Europe, the USA, and South Korea</a>.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_1a02a5-56 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_1a02a5-56">There have been persistent shortcomings in compliance with environmental, public, and occupational health regulations across the <a href="https://ipc.sabanciuniv.edu/Content/Images/CKeditorImages/20231218-09123608.pdf">steel production value chain in Turkey</a>.<a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2024/11/13/turkeys-deadly-coal-consumption/#sdendnote1anc"></a></p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_1f7d86-63 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_1f7d86-63">Coal power stations</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_f82558-d3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_f82558-d3">Sitting at the eastern edge of Europe, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/turkey-track-become-europes-top-coal-burner-2024-2024-01-30/">Turkey is expected to surpass Germany as Europe&#8217;s largest coal-fired electricity generator</a> in 2024. Turkey is still opening new coal power stations, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emba_Hunutlu_power_station">Hunutlu Thermal Power Plant</a> opened in 2022. Turkey has <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kZ1SLNx-JvouHP-0AHF0yo5TIqCJ2g18pQYuaw30uiw/edit?gid=667329553#gid=667329553">34</a> coal fired power stations, 10 use hard coal and the remainder use lignite, a less energy dense, poorer quality coal that is burnt close to its source. Two of the blast furnaces using coal also have coal power stations providing their electric.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_f68eda-f4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_f68eda-f4">Turkey’s electricity consumption has <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/turkey-aims-quadruple-wind-solar-energy-capacity-by-2035-2024-10-21/">tripled in the last two decades</a>, which has been underpinned by rapid growth in coal and gas generation.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_710d6a-6a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_710d6a-6a">Zonguldak was the only non-metropolitan district included in Turkey-wide weekend curfews for <a href="https://medium.com/@mammadov/covid-19-pandemic-vs-environment-the-lesson-of-zonguldak-ec2bd7bf16de">covid-19 reduction measures in 2020</a>. This was due to pre-existing high rates of chronic respiratory diseases caused by poor air quality. According to local officials, it’s estimated that as much as 60% of the population displays some degree of respiratory symptoms, with mortality rates almost doubling between 2010 and 2020. <em>The low air quality is caused by</em> <a href="https://www.env-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Chronic-Coal-Pollution-Turkey_web.pdf">elevated levels of PM2.5 and SO<sub>2</sub> pollutants</a> <em>from steelworks, coal mines and hard coal power plants.</em></p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_3ae629-98 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_3ae629-98">The health costs from coal power generation in Turkey alone, <a href="https://www.env-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Chronic-Coal-Pollution-Turkey_web.pdf">are 26.07 &#8211; 53.60 billion Turkish Lire</a> (2.86 &#8211; 5.88 billion €), which is equivalent to 13 &#8211; 27% of Turkey’s annual health expenditure.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image20053_0f2b2a-ad"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-jpg.avif" class="kb-advanced-image-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img data-dominant-color="c2876f" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #c2876f;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1048" height="625" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-jpg.avif" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-16084 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-jpg.avif 1048w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-300x179.avif 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-1024x611.avif 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-768x458.avif 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1048px) 100vw, 1048px" /></a></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_ef1abc-4b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_ef1abc-4b">Air pollution standards</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_9e64c4-0c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_9e64c4-0c">Where Turkey significantly deviates from the rest of the EU in relation to steelworks and power stations is in the compliance and enforcement of air quality standards. As a report by <a href="https://www.env-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Chronic-Coal-Pollution-Turkey_web.pdf">Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL) shows</a>, “While EU member states are legally required to report emissions at plant level to a publicly accessible database [&#8230;] Turkey does not share power plant or sectoral emission data. Instead, it reports merged data for electricity generation and the heating sector” This obscures the data. Furthermore, Turkey has not signed other important technical agreements to limit, and cooperate on, other pollutants. This includes three protocols on sulphur emissions (The 1985 Helsinki Protocol on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, the 1994 Oslo Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions, and the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level ozone.). As HEAL states, “The lack of transparency prevents a rational and informed debate about improving air quality and health in the country.” Local people and ecosystems are left to deal with the consequences.<a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2024/11/13/turkeys-deadly-coal-consumption/#sdendnote1anc"></a></p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_982b19-74 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_982b19-74">In the last 20 years, Turkey’s power plants that have been privatised and many do not use filter technology for SOx. They are the major contributor to Turkey’s increasing SOx pollution.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_7df96d-6b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_7df96d-6b">Everyone who spoke to Coal Action Network is worried about the air quality impacts of Turkey’s coal consuming plants. A resident living near three coal power stations on the Black Sea, near Zonguldak, says, “people believe that in some periods the air pollution filters on the plants are not working properly. Habitually, we have 250 days in a year the pollution is higher than the government’s acceptable standards.”</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_e53383-ff wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_e53383-ff">The consistent narrative from the residents overlooking either the steelworks or the coal power stations was one of poor air quality, resulting in higher rates of respiratory illness, cancers of various sorts, and death of plants and vegetation leading to an inability of local people to grow food.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_df9dbe-84 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_df9dbe-84">Coal exit?</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_e5c07b-06 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_e5c07b-06">In 2021, <a href="https://turkiyedekomur.org/en/coal-production-in-turkey/">Turkey imported 36 million tonnes of coal</a> for its power stations and steelworks, as well as using its domestically mined coal, which is mainly lignite, not used in steel-making. Turkish Coal Enterprises emphasises that the most significant increase in coal imports will come from the demand for electricity generation, and <a href="https://www.iea.org/countries/turkiye/coal">estimates that this trend will continue</a>. Although President Erdoğan says the country will decarbonise by 2053 there is no meaningful road map to bring the blast furnaces into relevant carbon reduction strategies.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_0f62f6-a8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_0f62f6-a8">Barış Eceçelik from Ekosfer states, “Turkey is one of the few countries in Europe that has not set a date for the phase-out of coal. Last year, for the first time in the history of Turkey, imported coal became the leading energy source in electricity generation. Turkey has significant potential for renewable energy sources, including wind, solar, and biomass. However, the lack of a serious climate target and measures against coal usage has led to air pollution and a high level of energy dependence. It must be acknowledged that imported coal is not a solution to the issues of climate change nor air pollution.”</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_fcbe1a-78 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_fcbe1a-78">Heating the ocean</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_4f9311-59 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_4f9311-59">The pollution issues around the coal power stations do not just affect air quality. They also have a large impact on the Black Sea. The water around the power station is reported to be 4<sup>o</sup> warmer than elsewhere, as it is used in the power stations cooling processes and then returned warmed to the sea. Local people report seeing a sheen on the water from the heavy metals and other toxins which are released from the power stations. Burning coal high in sulphur increases sulphur dioxide which produces <a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/coal-and-air-pollution">acid rain, and acidifies lakes and streams</a>. Black Sea fishermen say that the power stations are damaging fish spawning grounds and reducing their catch. Food which is sold to Istanbul and Ankara.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_cf8b17-be wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_cf8b17-be">Controversial coal</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_b13abb-43 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_b13abb-43">Coal is a contested subject in Turkey. While people living close to existing coal facilities want the secure jobs, there are protests against new power stations and a proposed lignite power station was cancelled in 2013, <a href="https://www.gem.wiki/Gerze_power_station">following protests</a>. Mining accidents are fairly common, with <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soma_Facias%C4%B1">301 killed in just one accident in Soma in 2014</a>.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_153799-2f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_153799-2f">Villagers approached Coal Action Network to ask why we would want to visit their area when the coal facilities cause such contamination. “I hate being from here because of the pollution. When the weather is dry the dust covers everything.” one woman told Coal Action Network, whilst passing on the street in Kokurdan. In this village they are not convinced the damage is worth it because of the jobs. Local people say nothing good about the coal power plants, they just talked about the damaging health effects, adding liver cancer and stomach cancer to the list of illnesses caused by the coal power stations.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_906364-d0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_906364-d0">Air quality standards not implemented</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_17b383-07 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_17b383-07">The most basic air pollution controls are not being implemented – lorries carrying coal are not even covered to prevent dust spreading along its route, a measure that long ago became standard in the UK. Public roads also run underneath the conveyor belts of ZETES power stations.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_6c6e09-c2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_6c6e09-c2">Monitors for fine dust particles known as PM10 are apparently not operational around the steelworks. PM2.5, is finer particulate matter that can penetrate the lungs and even enter the bloodstream and cause chronic diseases such as asthma, heart attack and bronchitis. PM2.5 is not monitored at all around Ereğli.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_511bca-8c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_511bca-8c">Coal Action Network’s visit to four coal facilities on the Black Sea showed that the human and environmental costs of burning coal are high. The issues of health, local environment and climate change are not being sufficiently addressed, but there is demand for improvement within Turkish communities living close to coal facilities.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_2f1181-0c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_2f1181-0c">Recommendations, from Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL)</h2>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items20053_e4de68-62 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop"><ul class="kt-svg-icon-list">
<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_24d21a-50"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Set an ambitious date for phasing out coal and a clear timeline.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_a9228c-5c"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Cancel all coal plants in the pipeline and halt the construction of plants.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_e4dae8-99"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Provide transparency on health and pollution data, at the local, regional and national level.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_6487c7-4f"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Prioritise those energy forms with the least health impacts.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_7a67f0-f6"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Prepare mechanisms for just transition to promote health and job alternatives to mines and plants.</span></li>
</ul></div>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image20053_c4f156-be"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img data-dominant-color="8e8080" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #8e8080;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2560" height="959" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2814-scaled.avif" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-16134 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2814-scaled.avif 2560w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2814-300x112.avif 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2814-1024x384.avif 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2814-768x288.avif 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2814-1536x576.avif 1536w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2814-2048x767.avif 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></figure></div>



<h2 id="Turkish-translation" class="kt-adv-heading20053_0f019a-37 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_0f019a-37">Türkiye’nin Kömür Kullanımına Devam Etmesi</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_30631a-3c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_30631a-3c">Karadeniz kıyısında ağaçlarla kaplı dağların arasında yer alan küçük Ereğli şehri, Erdemir çelik fabrikasının gölgesinde kalıyor. Bu fabrika, kömür kullanarak çelik üreten Türkiye&#8217;deki üç izabe fırın çelik fabrikasından biri ve Ereğli’deki insanların hayatını ve sağlığını doğrudan etkiliyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_4f0247-d8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_4f0247-d8">Yerel halkın evleri, her birkaç dakikada bir buhar bulutları yayan ve körfezin karşısındaki apartmanları gizleyen bu devasa çelik fabrikasının etrafında bir amfitiyatro gibi konumlanıyor. Coal Action Network (Kömür Eylem Ağı) araştırmacıları, Cumbria’da yeni bir kömür madeninin açılması ve Türkiye’ye kömür sağlaması ihtimali doğunca, Erdemir çelik fabrikası gibi kömür yakan tesislerden etkilenen insanlarla görüşmek için Türkiye’ye geldi.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_109c65-dd wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_109c65-dd">Coal Action Network’ün Türkiye’yi neden ziyaret ettiği ve Birleşik Krallık’taki kömür madenciliği bağlantıları hakkında daha fazla bilgi için bu sayfayı ziyaret edin. Türkiye, çelik fabrikaları ve elektrik santrallerinde ithal kömür kullanıyor ve aynı zamanda yerli kömür de çıkarıyor.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image20053_665804-c3"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img data-dominant-color="a4847a" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #a4847a;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="513" height="343" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Turkey-513x343-1.avif" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-16175 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Turkey-513x343-1.avif 513w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Turkey-513x343-1-300x201.avif 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Turkey-513x343-1-272x182.avif 272w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 513px) 100vw, 513px" /></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_1ed586-f9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_1ed586-f9">Türkiye’nin Çelik Üretimi ve Kömür</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_b5f537-87 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_b5f537-87">Türkiye, küresel olarak <a href="https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/World-Steel-in-Figures-2023-4.pdf">sekizinci en büyük çelik üreticisi</a>. 2023 yılında, <a href="https://worldsteel.org/data/world-steel-in-figures-2024/">33,7 milyon ton</a> çelik üretti ve 21,1 milyon ton hurda metal tüketti. Ülkedeki 30 çelik fabrikasından 27’si elektrik ark fırınlarında hurda metalleri eriterek çelik üretiyor ve ülkenin çelik üretiminin %72’sini sağlıyor. Çelik üretim sürecinde kok kömürüne dönüştürülmüş kömür kullanılan üç izabe fırın ve ısı sağlamak için kömür kullanan birçok elektrik ark fırınları bulunuyor. Bu kömür büyük ölçüde ithal ediliyor. Rusya, Türkiye&#8217;nin kömür ithalatının <a href="https://ember-energy.org/latest-insights/turkiye-electricity-review-2024/">%73&#8217;ünü</a> sağlıyor, kalan kısmının çoğu ise <a href="https://turkiyedekomur.org/en/coal-production-in-turkey/">Kolombiya</a>’dan geliyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_1dbdf5-50 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_1dbdf5-50">Elektrik ark fırınları büyük miktarda elektrik tüketiyor ve Türkiye&#8217;de bu elektriğin büyük bir kısmı elektrik şebekesi üzerinden kömürden sağlanıyor. Türkiye’de bir elektrik ark ocağı, kendi kömürlü elektrik santraline sahip. Türkiye&#8217;nin elektriğinin <a href="https://www.iea.org/countries/turkiye/coal">%35’i</a> kömürden sağlanıyor (2022 yılı verisi). Türkiye, 2023 yılında <a href="https://worldsteel.org/data/world-steel-in-figures-2024/">18 milyon ton çelik ithal etti ve 12,7 milyon ton</a> çelik ihraç etti. Şu anda hurda metal eritmek için kömür kullanan 20’den fazla elektrik ark fırını çelik tesisi var. Çelik, Türkiye&#8217;nin üçüncü en büyük ihracat sektörü.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image20053_6d4677-95"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img data-dominant-color="94835a" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #94835a;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1038" height="462" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Turkey-coal-locations-jpg.avif" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-16091 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Turkey-coal-locations-jpg.avif 1038w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Turkey-coal-locations-300x134.avif 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Turkey-coal-locations-1024x456.avif 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Turkey-coal-locations-768x342.avif 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1038px) 100vw, 1038px" /></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_650dcf-c2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_650dcf-c2">Türkiye&#8217;nin Rus Kömürüne Bağımlılığı</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_72f91c-de wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_72f91c-de">Türkiye, Rus kömürünün <a href="https://energyandcleanair.org/weekly-snapshot-russian-fossil-fuels-14-to-20-october-2024/">en büyük beş ithalatçısından</a> biri. Birçok ülke, 2022&#8217;de Ukrayna’nın işgalini takiben, yaptırımlar kapsamında Rus kömürü almayı durdurdu. Bunlar arasında Birleşik Krallık, AB üyesi ülkeler ve ABD de bulunuyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_ede85c-c9 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_ede85c-c9">Enerji ve Temiz Hava Araştırma Merkezi’nden (CREA) Vaibhav Raghunandan, &#8220;Türkiye&#8217;nin artan Rus kömürü bağımlılığı (ve diğer fosil yakıtlar) giderek daha değişken hale gelen bir tedarikçiye bağımlı olması anlamına geliyor. Rus kömür sektörü Kremlin için büyük bir gelir kaynağı ve Rusya Enerji Bakanlığı, 2035 yılına kadar küresel kömür pazarının %25’ini elde etme hedefi koydu. Kömürden elde edilen vergiler, Federal Bütçe’nin önemli bir parçasını oluşturuyor. İşgalden bu yana Türkiye – bir NATO ülkesi – Rus kömürü için 8,2 milyar avro ödedi, bu da Rusya&#8217;nın Ukrayna&#8217;yı işgalini etkili bir şekilde finanse ediyor&#8221; dedi.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_e28d84-a6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_e28d84-a6">İşgalden sonra Türkiye, Rus kömüründeki pazar payını artırdı. Türkiye’nin ithalatı, Rusya’nın toplam kömür ihracatının %13’ünü oluşturuyor. 2024’ün ilk üç çeyreğinde Türkiye, 15,7 milyon ton Rus kömürü ithal etti; bu da Türkiye’nin toplam kömür ithalatının %49’unu oluşturuyor (değeri 1,66 milyar avro). Bu, işgal öncesi dönemin aynı dönemine kıyasla %82’lik bir artış anlamına geliyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_f9fb60-9e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_f9fb60-9e">Ayrıca, Rus kömür madenciliği sektörü kültürel soykırım, çevresel yıkım ve hava kirliliği sorunlarına neden oluyor. Bu konular, Coal Action Network ve Fern&#8217;in <a href="https://www.fern.org/publications-insight/slow-death-in-siberia-100/">&#8220;Sibirya&#8217;da Yavaş Ölüm&#8221;</a> adlı raporunda ayrıntılı olarak ele alınıyor.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_c21807-27 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_c21807-27">Sağlık Etkileri</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_f53e7d-da wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_f53e7d-da">Dünya Sağlık Örgütü&#8217;ne göre, <a href="https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1">hava kirliliği, dünya genelinde ve Türkiye’de halk sağlığı için en büyük çevresel tehdit.</a> Çelik fabrikalarından ve elektrik santrallerinden kömür tüketimi sırasında salınan sağlığa zararlı <a href="https://www.env-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Chronic-Coal-Pollution-Turkey_web.pdf">dört ana kirletici bulunuyor</a>: Sülfür dioksit (SO2); partikül madde – PM10 ve daha küçük PM2.5; azot oksitler (NOX) ve cıva.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_7a9c3e-8a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_7a9c3e-8a">Yüksek sülfür içerikli kömürün yanmasıyla oluşan SO2 solunduğunda, felç, kalp hastalığı, astım, akciğer kanseri ve ölüm gibi <a href="https://energyandcleanair.org/publication/ranking-the-worlds-sulfur-dioxide-so2-hotspots-2019-2020/">sağlık sorunları riskini artırıyor.</a> Solunması son derece toksik olarak sınıflandırılıyor. Yüksek konsantrasyona bir kez bile maruz kalma, astım gibi kalıcı bir duruma yol açabilir. Türkiye’de SO2 emisyonları 2019 yılında %14 artış göstererek, emisyonların arttığı nadir ülkelerden biri oldu. Türkiye’de kömür bazlı enerji üretimi, SO2 emisyonlarının en büyük kaynağı olmaya devam ediyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_64b468-f8 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_64b468-f8">Ereğli’de, Erdemir çelik fabrikasının çevresinde yaşayan halk, sağlıklarına ilişkin üniversitelerin yaptıkları çalışmaların genellikle hükümet tarafından ört bas edildiğini söyledi. Ancak Ereğli&#8217;deki multipl skleroz (MS) oranlarını, 40 km uzakta temiz bir kent olan Devrek ile <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31954069/">karşılaştıran bir çalışma</a>, “bir demir çelik fabrikasının bulunduğu bölgedeki [Ereğli] MS prevalans oranının kırsal bir şehirle [Devrek] karşılaştırıldığında iki kattan fazla olduğunu” gösteriyor. Bu da hava kirliliğinin MS hastalığının olası bir nedeni olabileceği hipotezini destekliyor. Yerel halk, çelik fabrikasının havayı kirlettiği ve sağlıklarını bozduğu konusunda ikna olmuş durumda.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image20053_8f229a-f6"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img data-dominant-color="82797f" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #82797f;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2560" height="1707" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2832-scaled.avif" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-16138 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2832-scaled.avif 2560w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2832-300x200.avif 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2832-1024x683.avif 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2832-768x512.avif 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2832-1536x1024.avif 1536w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2832-2048x1365.avif 2048w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSC_2832-272x182.avif 272w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_97d63c-27 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_97d63c-27">İzabe Fırın Çelik Fabrikaları</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_d4fd35-0f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_d4fd35-0f">Karadeniz, Ereğli ve Alaplı Çevre Gönüllüleri lideri Çetin Yılmaz, Erdemir’de yaşanan sorunları tartışmak üzere Coal Action Network ile görüşmek isteyen 15 endişeli vatandaşı bir araya getirdi. Bu kişiler, çelik fabrikaları ile yerel halkın sağlığının bozulması arasında bağlantılar olduğunu gösteren ancak hükümet tarafından gizlenen bilimsel çalışmalardan yakınıyorlar.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_eb9c67-ab wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_eb9c67-ab">Çetin, “Şirket [Eren Energy] birçok insanda kansere neden oldu, çalışanlarının sendikalaşma hakkını tanımıyor; sendikalaşmak isteyen işçileri işten çıkardı; Çatalağzı’nı nefes alınamaz bir hale getirdi; balık üreme alanlarını külle doldurdu; yılda 2 milyon ton ithal kömür yakıyor ve bölgemizde insanlara ve doğaya en büyük zararı veriyor” diyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_f9ed0c-3f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_f9ed0c-3f">Erdemir çelik fabrikasında 18 yıldır çalışan bir işçi, gırtlak kanseri olduğunu anlatırken bu sesinden duyulabiliyordu. Yerel halkın %50’sinin sağlığının çelik fabrikasından etkilendiğini düşünüyorlar. Bir öğretmen, her sınıfında yaklaşık 10 çocuğun kötü hava kalitesi nedeniyle solunum sorunları yaşadığını anlattı.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_2b7870-3c wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_2b7870-3c">Yerel siyasi temsilci Coal Action Network’e, “Buradaki çoğu kişi madenlerde veya çelik fabrikasında çalışıyor, herkes hava kirliliğinin kansere ve solunum zorluklarına neden olduğunu biliyor. Çalışanlar bu konuda bir şey yapacak durumda değil çünkü para kazanmaları gerekiyor ve işlerini kaybetme tehlikesi yaşıyorlar” dedi.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image20053_fcdb15-b2"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img data-dominant-color="7c857b" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #7c857b;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2560" height="1920" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9040-scaled.avif" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-16145 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9040-scaled.avif 2560w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9040-300x225.avif 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9040-1024x768.avif 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9040-768x576.avif 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9040-1536x1152.avif 1536w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9040-2048x1536.avif 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_1817fc-d7 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_1817fc-d7">Çelikte Karbonsuzlaşma</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_1f57c5-36 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_1f57c5-36">Erdemir ve İsdemir izabe fırınlarının sahibi olan OYAK, karbonsuzlaşmak için <a href="https://www.oyak.com.tr/en/oyak-group-companies/company-news/erdemir-and-isdemir-aim-to-achieve-net-zero-emissions-by-2050">yedi farklı yöntem</a> kullanacağını belirtiyor. Ancak sözde <a href="https://www.oyak.com.tr/en/oyak-group-companies/company-news/erdemir-and-isdemir-aim-to-achieve-net-zero-emissions-by-2050">Net Sıfır Yol Haritası,</a> emisyonları azaltma amaçlı potansiyel seçeneklerin bir listesi gibi duruyor; gerçek bir plan barındırmaktan oldukça uzak.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_a144c4-3a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_a144c4-3a">İsdemir’deki hava kirliliği ve sağlık sorunlarının Erdemir’deki durumla benzer olması muhtemel. Türkiye’nin izabe fırın çelik üretimindeki CO2 yoğunluğu, Avrupa, ABD ve Güney Kore’de üretilen çeliğin emisyonları ile kıyaslandığında daha yüksek düzeyde.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_08fb91-c4 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_08fb91-c4">Türkiye&#8217;deki çelik üretim değer zincirinde çevre, kamu ve iş sağlığı düzenlemelerine uyum konusunda uzun süredir aksaklıklar yaşanıyor.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_54174c-5b wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_54174c-5b">Kömürlü Termik Santralleri</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_48cd33-1f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_48cd33-1f">Avrupa’nın doğu sınırında yer alan Türkiye’nin, 2024&#8217;te Avrupa’nın en büyük kömürle çalışan elektrik üreticisi olan Almanya’yı geride bırakması <a href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/turkey-track-become-europes-top-coal-burner-2024-2024-01-30/">bekleniyor.</a> Türkiye, 2022 yılında açılan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emba_Hunutlu_power_station">Hunutlu Termik Santrali</a> gibi yeni kömürlü termik santralleri açmaya devam ediyor. Türkiye’de 34 kömürlü termik santral var; bunlardan 10&#8217;u taş kömürü kullanırken geri kalanı daha düşük enerji yoğunluğuna sahip, daha düşük kaliteli linyit kömürünü kullanıyor. Kömürle çalışan iki izabe fırının ayrıca elektrik sağlayan kömür santralleri de bulunuyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_689a2f-1f wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_689a2f-1f">Türkiye&#8217;nin elektrik tüketimi son yirmi yılda <a href="https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/turkey-aims-quadruple-wind-solar-energy-capacity-by-2035-2024-10-21/">üç katına çıktı</a>; bu artış büyük ölçüde kömür ve gaz üretimindeki hızlı büyümeye dayanıyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_17f187-76 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_17f187-76">Ereğli’nin yanı sıra, Coal Action Network, Zonguldak ilçesinde Muslu yakınlarındaki ZETES III ve IV ile Çatalağzı isimli üç kömürlü elektrik santralini ziyaret etti.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_0d9a4e-d2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_0d9a4e-d2">Zonguldak, 2020 yılında covid-19 önlemleri kapsamında Türkiye genelinde hafta sonu sokağa çıkma yasaklarına büyük şehirlere ek olarak dahil edilen tek bölgeydi. Bu karar, düşük hava kalitesine bağlı olarak önceden yüksek oranlarda görülen kronik solunum yolu hastalıkları nedeniyle alındı. Yerel yetkililere göre, bölge nüfusunun yaklaşık %60’ının belirli bir dereceye kadar solunum semptomları gösterdiği tahmin ediliyor ve 2010 ile 2020 arasında ölüm oranları neredeyse iki katına çıkmış durumda. Düşük hava kalitesi, çelik fabrikaları, kömür madenleri ve taş kömürü santrallerinden yayılan yüksek düzeydeki <a href="https://www.env-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Chronic-Coal-Pollution-Turkey_web.pdf">PM2.5 ve SO2</a> kirleticilerinden kaynaklanıyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_953ba6-19 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_953ba6-19">Türkiye’de sadece kömürden elektrik üretiminin sağlık maliyetleri, <a href="https://www.env-health.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Chronic-Coal-Pollution-Turkey_web.pdf">26,07 &#8211; 53,60 milyar Türk Lirası</a> (2,86 &#8211; 5,88 milyar €) arasında olup, bu tutar Türkiye’nin yıllık sağlık harcamalarının %13 &#8211; %27’sine eşit.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image20053_43b79f-51"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-jpg.avif" class="kb-advanced-image-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img data-dominant-color="c2876f" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #c2876f;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1048" height="625" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-jpg.avif" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-16084 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-jpg.avif 1048w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-300x179.avif 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-1024x611.avif 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/TurkeySO2-768x458.avif 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1048px) 100vw, 1048px" /></a></figure></div>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_9fc7a3-0e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_9fc7a3-0e">Türkiye&#8217;nin çelik fabrikaları ve elektrik santralleri ile ilgili olarak AB’nin geri kalanından önemli ölçüde ayrıldığı nokta, hava kalitesi standartlarına uyum ve bu standartların uygulanması. “AB üye ülkeleri, tesis düzeyindeki emisyonları kamuya açık bir veri tabanına bildirmekle yasal olarak yükümlüyken [&#8230;] Türkiye elektrik santrali veya sektörel emisyon verilerini paylaşmıyor. Bunun yerine, elektrik üretimi ve ısıtma sektörüne ait birleşik verileri raporluyor.” Bu durum verileri gizliyor. Ayrıca Türkiye, sülfür emisyonlarını sınırlama ve diğer kirleticilerle ilgili iş birliği yapma amacı taşıyan üç önemli teknik anlaşmayı imzalamadı. Bunlar; Sülfür Emisyonlarının Azaltılması üzerine 1985 Helsinki Protokolü, Sülfür Emisyonlarının Daha Fazla Azaltılması üzerine 1994 Oslo Protokolü ve Asitlenme, Ötrofikasyon ve Yüzeyde Ozonu Azaltma üzerine 1999 Göteborg Protokolü’dür. HEAL, “Şeffaflık eksikliği, ülkede hava kalitesini ve sağlığı iyileştirme konusunda rasyonel ve bilgiye dayalı bir tartışmayı engelliyor” diye belirtiyor. Yerel halk ve ekosistemler, sonuçlarıyla baş başa kalıyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_f80aff-48 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_f80aff-48">Son yirmi yılda Türkiye’de özelleştirilen elektrik santrallerinin birçoğu SOx filtre teknolojisini kullanmıyor ve bunlar Türkiye’nin artan SOx kirliliğine başlıca katkı sunanlardan.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_efcd3d-9e wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_efcd3d-9e">Coal Action Network ile görüşen herkes, Türkiye’nin kömür tüketen tesislerinin hava kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri hakkında endişe duyuyor. Karadeniz yakınlarında, Zonguldak’ta üç kömürlü termik santraline yakın yaşayan bir sakin, “İnsanlar belirli dönemlerde santrallerdeki hava kirliliği filtrelerinin düzgün çalışmadığına inanıyor. Yılda 250 gün boyunca kirlilik, hükümetin kabul edilebilir standartlarının üzerinde oluyor” diyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_1779ce-ae wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_1779ce-ae">Çelik fabrikalarını veya kömürlü termik santralleri ile yaşayan yerel sakinlerin genel anlatımı, kötü hava kalitesi, daha yüksek oranlarda solunum hastalıkları, çeşitli kanser türleri ve bitki ve bitki örtüsünün ölümü sonucunda yerel halkın yiyecek yetiştirememesi yönündeydi.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_f29b93-74 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_f29b93-74">Kömürden Çıkış?</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_c2edd9-15 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_c2edd9-15">2021’de Türkiye, elektrik santralleri ve çelik fabrikaları için <a href="https://turkiyedekomur.org/en/coal-production-in-turkey/">36 milyon ton</a> kömür ithal etti ve çoğunlukla çelik yapımında kullanılmayan yerli linyit kömürünü de tüketti. Türkiye Kömür İşletmeleri, kömür ithalatındaki en büyük artışın elektrik <a href="https://www.iea.org/countries/turkiye/coal">üretim talebinden kaynaklanacağını vurguluyor ve bu eğilimin</a> devam edeceğini öngörüyor. Cumhurbaşkan Erdoğan, ülkenin 2053’e kadar karbonsuzlaşacağını söylüyor, ancak izabe  fırınları karbon azaltım stratejilerine dahil etmeye yönelik anlamlı bir yol haritası bulunmuyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_4d0fbc-d5 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_4d0fbc-d5">Ekosfer&#8217;den Barış Eceçelik, “Türkiye, Avrupa&#8217;da kömürü aşamalı olarak kaldırmak için bir tarih belirlememiş birkaç ülkeden biri. Geçen yıl, Türkiye tarihinde ilk kez, ithal kömür elektrik üretiminde en önde gelen enerji kaynağı haline geldi. Türkiye, rüzgar, güneş ve biyokütle dahil olmak üzere yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları için önemli bir potansiyele sahip. Ancak ciddi bir iklim hedefinin ve kömür kullanımına karşı önlemlerin olmaması hava kirliliğine ve yüksek düzeyde enerji bağımlılığına yol açtı. İthal kömür, iklim değişikliği veya hava kirliliği sorunlarına bir çözüm değil” diyor.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_9b6453-e6 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_9b6453-e6">Denizin Isınması</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_98ac73-da wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_98ac73-da">Kömürlü termik santrallerinin çevresindeki kirlilik sorunları sadece hava kalitesini etkilemekle kalmıyor. Aynı zamanda Karadeniz üzerinde büyük bir etkiye sahip. Elektrik santrallerinde soğutma işlemlerinde kullanılan suyun daha sonra denize geri verilmesi nedeniyle, santralin çevresindeki suyun diğer yerlere kıyasla 4 derece daha sıcak olduğu bildiriliyor. Yerel halk, santrallerden salınan ağır metaller ve diğer toksinlerden kaynaklanan bir tabakanın su yüzeyinde görüldüğünü bildiriyor. Yüksek sülfür içeriğine sahip kömürün yakılması, <a href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/coal-and-air-pollution">asit yağmuru üreterek göl ve akarsuları asitleştiriyor.</a> Karadenizli balıkçılar, santrallerin balık üreme alanlarına zarar verdiğini ve yakaladıkları balık miktarını azalttığını belirtiyor. Bu balıklar İstanbul ve Ankara’ya satılıyor.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_2a548e-e1 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_2a548e-e1">Tartışmalı Kömür</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_83de7b-e0 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_83de7b-e0">Kömür, Türkiye’de tartışmalı bir konu. Mevcut kömür tesislerine yakın yaşayan insanlar güvenli iş imkanları isterken, yeni madenlere karşı protestolar da var. 2013 yılında bir linyit kömür madeninin önerilen açılışı protestoların ardından <a href="https://www.gem.wiki/Gerze_power_station">iptal edildi.</a> Maden kazaları ise oldukça yaygın; 2022 Ekim ayında Karadeniz yakınlarında derin bir madende <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63261746">41 kişi öldü ve 11 kişi ağır yaralandı.</a></p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_044726-c3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_044726-c3">Kokurdan (resmi adı: Körpeoğlu) adlı yüksek dağ köyünde, kömür külü ve atık döküm alanı, yerleşim havuzunun çevresindeki yoğun ağaçlara toz bulutları saçıyor. ZETES elektrik santrallerinin külü ve hava filtrelerinden çıkan kirletici maddeler açık bir alanda biriktiriliyor. Coal Action Network, köyü, bitki örtüsünün, evlerin ve yolların yoğun bir yağıştan sonra tozdan temizlendiği bir zamanda ziyaret etti; ancak ZETES kömürlü termik santrallerinden gelen atıklar, bu insanların ciğerlerinde, evlerinde ve ekinlerinde birikiyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_ffccab-70 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_ffccab-70">Köylüler, Coal Action Network’e, kömür tesislerinin bu tür kirlenmelere neden olduğu bir bölgeyi neden ziyaret etmek istediğimizi sordu. Yolda geçerken bir kadın, “Buradan nefret ediyorum, çünkü burası kirlilik nedeniyle yaşanmaz halde. Hava kuru olduğunda toz her şeyi kaplıyor” dedi. Bu köyde insanlar, iş imkanları yüzünden verilen zararın buna değdiğine ikna olmuyor. Yerel halk kömürlü termik santralleri hakkında iyi bir şey söylemiyor; yalnızca sağlık üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerden, ayrıca karaciğer kanseri ve mide kanseri gibi hastalıklardan bahsediyor.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image20053_2f6264-47"><figure class="aligncenter size-full"><a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9021-1-scaled.avif" class="kb-advanced-image-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img data-dominant-color="82807b" data-has-transparency="false" style="--dominant-color: #82807b;" loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2560" height="1920" src="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9021-1-scaled.avif" alt="" class="kb-img wp-image-16142 not-transparent" srcset="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9021-1-scaled.avif 2560w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9021-1-300x225.avif 300w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9021-1-1024x768.avif 1024w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9021-1-768x576.avif 768w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9021-1-1536x1152.avif 1536w, https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DSCF9021-1-2048x1536.avif 2048w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /></a></figure></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_7e2633-ec wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_7e2633-ec">Uygulanmayan Hava Kalitesi Standartları</h2>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_10f340-20 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_10f340-20">En temel hava kirliliği kontrolleri bile uygulanmıyor – kömür taşıyan kamyonlar, tozun güzergâh boyunca yayılmasını önlemek için kapatılmıyor; bu önlem uzun zaman önce Birleşik Krallık&#8217;ta standart hale gelmişti. ZETES elektrik santrallerinin konveyör bantlarının altından kamuya açık yollar geçiyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_4ea544-f2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_4ea544-f2">PM10 olarak bilinen ince toz partiküllerini izleme cihazları çelik fabrikalarının çevresinde çalışmıyor. PM2.5, akciğerlere nüfuz edebilen ve hatta kan dolaşımına girerek astım, kalp krizi ve bronşit gibi kronik hastalıklara yol açabilen daha ince bir partikül. Ereğli çevresinde PM2.5 ölçümü yapılmıyor.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading20053_75ebb9-88 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_75ebb9-88">Coal Action Network’ün Karadeniz kıyısında dört kömür tesisini ziyaretinde, kömür yakmanın insan ve çevre üzerindeki maliyetlerinin yüksek olduğu görüldü. Sağlık, yerel çevre ve iklim değişikliği sorunları yeterince ele alınmıyor, ancak kömür tesislerine yakın yaşayan topluluklar bu durumun iyileştirilmesini talep ediyor.</p>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading20053_990e13-cc wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading20053_990e13-cc">Sağlık ve Çevre İttifakı (HEAL) tarafından yapılan öneriler şöyle:</h2>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items20053_05802a-49 kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop"><ul class="kt-svg-icon-list">
<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_559c8a-45"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Kömürün aşamalı olarak kaldırılması için iddialı bir tarih belirlenmesi ve net bir zaman çizelgesi oluşturulması</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_70ecb5-6a"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Planlanan tüm kömür santrallerinin iptal edilmesi ve tesislerin inşaatının durdurulması</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_c4e749-f6"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Sağlık ve kirlilik verilerinin yerel, bölgesel ve ulusal düzeyde şeffaf hale getirilmesi</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_ceafae-37"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Sağlık etkileri en az olan enerji türlerinin önceliklendirilmesi</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-20053_d95a89-60"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Madenler ve santrallere alternatif sağlık ve iş imkânları sağlayacak adil bir geçiş mekanizması hazırlanması.</span></li>
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<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2024/11/13/turkeys-deadly-coal-consumption-turkiyenin-komur-kullanimina-devam-etmesi/">Turkey&#8217;s deadly coal consumption &#8211; Türkiye’nin Kömür Kullanımına Devam Etmesi</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Coal in Steel: Problems and solutions</title>
		<link>https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2021/09/15/coal-in-steel-problems-and-solutions/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Daniel]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Sep 2021 08:26:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Campaigns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News - Industrial coal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[News - West Cumbria mine]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.coalaction.org.uk/?p=19942</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Coal in Steel: problems and solutions (2021) Coal Action Network is excited to release its research report &#8211; Coal in Steel: problems and solutions Coal in Steel is aimed at those looking for background information to campaign against proposed new coking coal mines near them, and covers how coal needs to be phased out of...</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2021/09/15/coal-in-steel-problems-and-solutions/">Coal in Steel: Problems and solutions</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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<h1 class="kt-adv-heading19942_3860fb-92 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19942_3860fb-92">Coal in Steel: problems and solutions (2021)</h1>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19942_ea7283-c2 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19942_ea7283-c2">Coal Action Network is excited to release its research report &#8211; <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Coal-in-steel-reportproblems-and-Solutions.pdf">Coal in Steel: problems and solutions</a></p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19942_d401a8-21 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19942_d401a8-21"><a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Coal-in-steel-reportproblems-and-Solutions.pdf"><em>Coal in</em> <em>Steel</em></a> is aimed at those looking for background information to campaign against proposed new coking coal mines near them, and covers how coal needs to be phased out of steel production. The report counters the positions of companies arguing for an ongoing need for coking coal in the steel industry. Coal in Steel is UK focused, but the coking coal mines proposed would export coal, to Europe or beyond.</p>



<p class="kt-adv-heading19942_18969a-5a wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19942_18969a-5a">The public inquiry into West Cumbria Mining Ltd&#8217;s proposed 2.78mtpa coking coal mine opened in early September 2021. After the planning inspector gives his recommendation, the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government will decide whether this application can extract coal to be sold predominantly to foreign markets. This report answers the arguments raised in support of this, and similar, applications.</p>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-advancedbtn kb-buttons-wrap kb-btns19942_8ddf9b-61"><a class="kb-button kt-button button kb-btn19942_301c94-ca kt-btn-size-standard kt-btn-width-type-auto kb-btn-global-fill kt-btn-has-text-true kt-btn-has-svg-false wp-block-kadence-singlebtn" href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/west-cumbria-coal-mine-proposal/"><span class="kt-btn-inner-text">More on West Cumbria coal mine</span></a></div>



<h2 class="kt-adv-heading19942_6e63d0-b3 wp-block-kadence-advancedheading" data-kb-block="kb-adv-heading19942_6e63d0-b3">Key messages</h2>



<div class="wp-block-kadence-iconlist kt-svg-icon-list-items kt-svg-icon-list-items19942_05c127-6d kt-svg-icon-list-columns-1 alignnone kt-list-icon-aligntop"><ul class="kt-svg-icon-list">
<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19942_b1a662-de"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Two of the three biggest single site carbon emitters in the UK are Tata Steel&#8217;s Port Talbot steelworks and British Steel&#8217;s Scunthorpe steelworks, which use coking coal.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19942_fd7fee-55"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Steel is already being produced in two of the four major UK steelworks via electric arc furnaces and recycled scrap steel, resulting in much lower emissions and no need for coal usage.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19942_cb3ddf-e3"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">The British government is considering the implications of the recommendation of its Climate Change Committee to ‘set targets for ore-based steelmaking to reach near-zero emissions by 2035’.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19942_995d75-0b"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Green hydrogen is already being used to produce steel without coal or large emissions, with project such as HYBRIT in Sweden having already sold low emission steel. Many more projects are expected to follow suit before 2030.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19942_a2f6d0-dd"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">Four of the five world&#8217;s biggest steel makers have made strong commitments to net-zero carbon steel and drastic coal use reduction by 2050.</span></li>



<li class="wp-block-kadence-listitem kt-svg-icon-list-item-wrap kt-svg-icon-list-item-19942_d180af-ba"><span class="kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_minus kt-svg-icon-list-single"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24"  fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"  aria-hidden="true"><line x1="5" y1="12" x2="19" y2="12"/></svg></span><span class="kt-svg-icon-list-text">There is no such thing as carbon neutral coking coal.</span></li>
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</div></div><p>The post <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk/2021/09/15/coal-in-steel-problems-and-solutions/">Coal in Steel: Problems and solutions</a> appeared first on <a href="https://www.coalaction.org.uk">Coal Action Network</a>.</p>
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